The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

cuckoo bitter-cress, lady smock, northern field bitter-cress

alpine bitter-cress, few-seed bitter-cress, Idaho bittercress, little western bitter-cress, Siberian bitter-cress

Habit Perennials; (cespitose); glabrous. Annuals or biennials; usually sparsely hirsute (at least proximally), rarely glabrous.
Rhizomes

absent.

absent.

Stems

erect, unbranched or, rarely, branched, 0.5–1.6(–3.5) dm.

(simple or few from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, (0.5–)0.8–3.2(–4.1) dm, usually pubescent throughout or proximally, rarely glabrous.

Basal leaves

(7 or) 9–21-foliolate, (thick, veins impressed);

leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

lateral lobes or leaflets similar to terminal;

terminal lobe or leaflet blade orbicular, broadly ovate to lanceolate, base rounded to cuneate, margins usually entire.

(persistent to anthesis), rosulate, pinnately compound, 5–9(–13)-foliolate, 2–8.5(–11) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 1–6 cm;

lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade obovate to oblanceolate, smaller than terminal, margins entire or crenate;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.1–0.7 cm), blade usually orbicular to ovate, rarely oblong, 0.4–1.5(–2.3) cm × 3–10(–13) mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire, or crenate-dentate to obscurely 3 or 5-lobed, (surfaces often hirsute, sometimes glabrous).

Cauline leaves

2–4(–7), pinnatisect or pinnately compound, (7 or) 9–21-foliolate, (thick, veins impressed), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole base not auriculate;

lobes or leaflets (of proximal leaves) (4–)7–10 each side of rachis, fewer distally, distal leaves with 4 or 5 lobes or leaflets each side of rachis;

terminal leaflet petiolulate or sessile, blade (or lobe) narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, base cuneate, margins entire.

3–8, pinnately compound, similar to basal, smaller and fewer distally, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong or ovate, 3.6–4.4 mm, lateral pair saccate basally, (green with hyaline margins);

petals white-lilac, 9–12.3 × 4.8–6.8 mm, (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate);

filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm;

anthers narrowly oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm.

sepals oblong, 1.3–1.8(–2) × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white, narrowly spatulate to oblanceolate, 2.5–3.5 × 0.9–1.5 mm (not clawed);

filaments: median pairs 1.7–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1.2–2 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

erect-ascending, 5–15 mm.

divaricate-ascending, (2–)3–9(–12) mm.

Fruits

linear, 1–1.8 cm × ca. 1.5 mm;

ovules ca. 16 per ovary;

style ca. 1 mm, (stout).

linear, (torulose), (1.3–)1.6–2.8 cm × 1–1.7 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent);

ovules 16–36(–42) per ovary;

style 0.4–1(–1.5) mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm.

brown, oblong, 1–1.6 × 0.8–1.2 mm.

2n

= 56, 60, 64, 80–100.

= 16.

Cardamine nymanii

Cardamine oligosperma

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Mar–Jul.
Habitat Wet meadows, marshes, margins of ponds, along streams, seacoasts, swamps Stream banks, shady banks, creek bottoms, lakeshores, meadows, moist areas, wooded slopes
Elevation 50-3300 m (200-10800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; MB; NL; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; n Eurasia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 478. FNA vol. 7, p. 479.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms C. pratensis var. angustifolia C. acuminata, C. hirsuta var. acuminata, C. hirsuta var. bracteata, C. hirsuta subsp. oligosperma, C. hirsuta var. parviflora, C. oligosperma var. bracteata, C. oligosperma var. lucens, C. oligosperma var. unijuga, C. unijuga
Name authority Gandoger: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 1043. (1925) Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 85. (1838)
Web links