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cuckoo bitter-cress, lady smock, northern field bitter-cress

big western bitter-cress, western bitter-cress, western toothwort

Habit Perennials; (cespitose); glabrous. Perennials; glabrous or hirsute.
Rhizomes

absent.

(tuberiform, fragile), ovoid or globose at base of stem, 3–10 mm diam., (fleshy).

Stems

erect, unbranched or, rarely, branched, 0.5–1.6(–3.5) dm.

(simple from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, 1–5 dm, glabrous or pubescent proximally.

Basal leaves

(7 or) 9–21-foliolate, (thick, veins impressed);

leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

lateral lobes or leaflets similar to terminal;

terminal lobe or leaflet blade orbicular, broadly ovate to lanceolate, base rounded to cuneate, margins usually entire.

not rosulate, pinnately compound, (3 or) 5 (or 7)-foliolate, 2–10 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 0.5–6.5 cm;

lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade similar to terminal, ovate, smaller, margins entire;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.03–0.18 cm), blade orbicular to broadly ovate or subcordate, 0.5–2 cm × 7–25 mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire or repand, (surfaces glabrous).

Cauline leaves

2–4(–7), pinnatisect or pinnately compound, (7 or) 9–21-foliolate, (thick, veins impressed), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole base not auriculate;

lobes or leaflets (of proximal leaves) (4–)7–10 each side of rachis, fewer distally, distal leaves with 4 or 5 lobes or leaflets each side of rachis;

terminal leaflet petiolulate or sessile, blade (or lobe) narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, base cuneate, margins entire.

3–7, (3 or) 5 or 7-foliolate (middle ones 5 or 7-foliolate, smaller distally, becoming 3-foliolate), petiolate;

petiole 0.5–3 cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal, smaller;

terminal leaflet blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–2.6 cm × 3–13 mm, margins shallowly toothed, entire, or repand.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong or ovate, 3.6–4.4 mm, lateral pair saccate basally, (green with hyaline margins);

petals white-lilac, 9–12.3 × 4.8–6.8 mm, (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate);

filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm;

anthers narrowly oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm.

sepals oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white, oblanceolate, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, (not clawed);

filaments: median pairs 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1–1.5 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

erect-ascending, 5–15 mm.

divaricate-ascending, 7–18 mm.

Fruits

linear, 1–1.8 cm × ca. 1.5 mm;

ovules ca. 16 per ovary;

style ca. 1 mm, (stout).

linear, (torulose), 1.5–3.3 cm × 1.7–2.2 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent);

ovules 18–40 per ovary;

style 0.5–1.5 mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm.

brown, ovoid, 1–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm.

2n

= 56, 60, 64, 80–100.

= 64.

Cardamine nymanii

Cardamine occidentalis

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Wet meadows, marshes, margins of ponds, along streams, seacoasts, swamps Muddy grounds, lake margins, shallow streams, meadows
Elevation 150-1500 m (500-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; MB; NL; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; n Eurasia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 478. FNA vol. 7, p. 479.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms C. pratensis var. angustifolia C. pratensis var. occidentalis, C. neglecta
Name authority Gandoger: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 1043. (1925) (S. Watson) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 50. (1897)
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