Cardamine nymanii |
Cardamine diphylla |
|
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cuckoo bitter-cress, lady smock, northern field bitter-cress |
broadleaf toothwort, crinkleroot, two-leaf toothwort |
|
Habit | Perennials; (cespitose); glabrous. | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
(unsegmented), cylindrical, 2–10 mm diam., (somewhat uniform, fleshy, not fragile, with dentate leaf scars). |
Stems | erect, unbranched or, rarely, branched, 0.5–1.6(–3.5) dm. |
erect, unbranched, (1.2–)1.5–3.5(–4) dm, rarely sparsely pubescent distally. |
Basal leaves | (7 or) 9–21-foliolate, (thick, veins impressed); leaflets petiolulate or sessile; lateral lobes or leaflets similar to terminal; terminal lobe or leaflet blade orbicular, broadly ovate to lanceolate, base rounded to cuneate, margins usually entire. |
|
Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, (5.5–)8–22(–26) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)4.5–16(–20) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate, blade often similar to terminal, base sometimes oblique; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1.2 cm), blade ovate-elliptic to broadly ovate, (2–)3.5–8(–10) cm × (5–)20–65(–80) mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins coarsely crenate or dentate, (surfaces puberulent, trichomes to 0.1 mm). |
|
Cauline leaves | 2–4(–7), pinnatisect or pinnately compound, (7 or) 9–21-foliolate, (thick, veins impressed), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole base not auriculate; lobes or leaflets (of proximal leaves) (4–)7–10 each side of rachis, fewer distally, distal leaves with 4 or 5 lobes or leaflets each side of rachis; terminal leaflet petiolulate or sessile, blade (or lobe) narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, base cuneate, margins entire. |
2 (or 3) [(sub)opposite], 3-foliolate, (similar to rhizomal leaves), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)2–4.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade broadly elliptic to ovate, (2–)4–8(–10) cm × 10–50 mm, margins coarsely dentate or crenate, (margins minutely puberulent). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong or ovate, 3.6–4.4 mm, lateral pair saccate basally, (green with hyaline margins); petals white-lilac, 9–12.3 × 4.8–6.8 mm, (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm. |
sepals oblong, (4–)5–8 × 2–3 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white or pink to purple, obovate to oblanceolate, (7–)9–15(–17) × (3–)4–7 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–8 mm, lateral pair 3.5–6 mm; anthers linear to oblong, 2.5–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect-ascending, 5–15 mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–30(–36) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1–1.8 cm × ca. 1.5 mm; ovules ca. 16 per ovary; style ca. 1 mm, (stout). |
linear-lanceolate, 1.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–8(–10) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm. |
(rarely produced) brown, oblong, 2–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm (cotyledons incumbent). |
2n | = 56, 60, 64, 80–100. |
= 96. |
Cardamine nymanii |
Cardamine diphylla |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, marshes, margins of ponds, along streams, seacoasts, swamps | Wooded bottoms and ravines, cliffs, bluffs, ledges, shaded slopes, meadows, moist fields, alluvial banks, rich woods |
Elevation | 50-1300 m (200-4300 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; MB; NL; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; n Eurasia
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AL; AR; CT; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 478. | FNA vol. 7, p. 472. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. pratensis var. angustifolia | Dentaria diphylla, Dentaria bifolia, Dentaria incisa |
Name authority | Gandoger: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 1043. (1925) | (Michaux) Alph. Wood: Amer. Bot. Fl., 37. (1870) |
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