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small-leaf bittercress

forkleaf toothwort

Habit Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hirtellous. Perennials; glabrous throughout.
Rhizomes

cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam.

(tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments oblong, 3–5 mm diam., (fleshy).

Stems

erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.3–1.5(–2) dm.

erect, unbranched, 1–3.5 dm.

Rhizomal leaves

pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, (1.3–)2.5–6.5 cm, (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate;

petiole (0.5–)1.5–5.5 cm;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.7 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, (0.2–)0.4–1.2(–1.5) cm × (1–)2.5–6 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins entire, (apiculate).

palmately compound (biternate), 7–20 cm, leaflets petiolulate;

petiole 4–13 cm;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 1–3(–4) cm), blade ternately or pinnately lobed, (distal segment) linear, 0.7–3.5 cm × 0.6–3 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire (apiculate).

Cauline leaves

1–3, 5 or 7-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 0.2–1.5 cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal;

terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule to 0.2 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, 0.6–1.3 × 0.1–0.7 cm, base cuneate, margins entire.

(2 or) 3, palmately compound (biternate, similar to rhizomal leaves, alternate to subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate;

petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5.5) cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal;

terminal leaflet (petiolule (0.3–)0.7–1.5(–2.5) cm), blade (ternate, distal segment) linear, (0.4–)1.5–5(–6.5) cm × 0.7–4(–6) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals ovate to oblong, 3–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

petals usually white, rarely lavender, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm, (clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 3–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm;

anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm.

sepals oblong, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–15 × 2–4 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 6–7.5 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm;

anthers linear, 1.5–2.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

erect to ascending, 7–15(–25) mm.

ascending to divaricate, 10–25(–35) mm.

Fruits

linear, 2–3 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm;

ovules 12–16 per ovary;

style 1–2 mm.

linear-lanceolate, 2–3.5 cm × 1.5–2 mm;

ovules 10–14 per ovary;

style 4–7(–10) mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm.

brown, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm.

2n

= 28, 42, 64.

= 64, 112.

Cardamine microphylla

Cardamine dissecta

Phenology Flowering Jul–Aug. Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Streamsides, sand and cobbles on gravel bars, shale banks, floodplains, alluvial sand between cobbles, moist moss, turf, seepage areas, meadows, wet grounds Oak-hickory woods, moist loamy areas, floodplain woods, bluffs, rocky calcareous woods, limestone slopes, along streams
Elevation 0-1600 m (0-5200 ft) 0-300 m (0-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA; IN; KY; NC; OH; TN
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 477. FNA vol. 7, p. 473.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms C. minuta Dentaria dissecta, C. angustata var. multifida, C. laciniata subsp. multifida, Dentaria furcata, Dentaria heterophylla var. multifida, Dentaria laciniata var. multifida, Dentaria multifida
Name authority Adams: Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 111. (1817) (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz: J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 82. (1988)
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