Cardamine microphylla |
Cardamine dissecta |
|
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small-leaf bittercress |
forkleaf toothwort |
|
Habit | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hirtellous. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam. |
(tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments oblong, 3–5 mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.3–1.5(–2) dm. |
erect, unbranched, 1–3.5 dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, (1.3–)2.5–6.5 cm, (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate; petiole (0.5–)1.5–5.5 cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.7 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, (0.2–)0.4–1.2(–1.5) cm × (1–)2.5–6 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins entire, (apiculate). |
palmately compound (biternate), 7–20 cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 4–13 cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 1–3(–4) cm), blade ternately or pinnately lobed, (distal segment) linear, 0.7–3.5 cm × 0.6–3 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire (apiculate). |
Cauline leaves | 1–3, 5 or 7-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.2–1.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule to 0.2 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, 0.6–1.3 × 0.1–0.7 cm, base cuneate, margins entire. |
(2 or) 3, palmately compound (biternate, similar to rhizomal leaves, alternate to subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet (petiolule (0.3–)0.7–1.5(–2.5) cm), blade (ternate, distal segment) linear, (0.4–)1.5–5(–6.5) cm × 0.7–4(–6) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals ovate to oblong, 3–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely lavender, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm, (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–15 × 2–4 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 6–7.5 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect to ascending, 7–15(–25) mm. |
ascending to divaricate, 10–25(–35) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 2–3 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; ovules 12–16 per ovary; style 1–2 mm. |
linear-lanceolate, 2–3.5 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7(–10) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 28, 42, 64. |
= 64, 112. |
Cardamine microphylla |
Cardamine dissecta |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Streamsides, sand and cobbles on gravel bars, shale banks, floodplains, alluvial sand between cobbles, moist moss, turf, seepage areas, meadows, wet grounds | Oak-hickory woods, moist loamy areas, floodplain woods, bluffs, rocky calcareous woods, limestone slopes, along streams |
Elevation | 0-1600 m (0-5200 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
AL; GA; IN; KY; NC; OH; TN
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 477. | FNA vol. 7, p. 473. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. minuta | Dentaria dissecta, C. angustata var. multifida, C. laciniata subsp. multifida, Dentaria furcata, Dentaria heterophylla var. multifida, Dentaria laciniata var. multifida, Dentaria multifida |
Name authority | Adams: Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 111. (1817) | (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz: J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 82. (1988) |
Web links |