Cardamine microphylla |
Cardamine concatenata |
|
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small-leaf bittercress |
cut-leaf toothwort |
|
Habit | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hirtellous. | Perennials; usually sparsely pubescent, sometimes glabrous. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam. |
(tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments fusiform, 2–10(–20) mm diam. (fleshy). |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.3–1.5(–2) dm. |
erect, unbranched, (1–)2–4(–5.5) dm, glabrous or pubescent distally. |
Rhizomal leaves | pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, (1.3–)2.5–6.5 cm, (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate; petiole (0.5–)1.5–5.5 cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.7 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, (0.2–)0.4–1.2(–1.5) cm × (1–)2.5–6 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins entire, (apiculate). |
3-foliolate, (7–)10–20(–30) cm, leaflets sessile; petiole (4–)7–18(–25) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet blade oblong, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear, 2.5–6 cm, base cuneate, margins coarsely dentate to incised, laciniate, or 3-lobed (lobes usually toothed to incised, rarely entire, surfaces puberulent or not, trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm). |
Cauline leaves | 1–3, 5 or 7-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.2–1.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule to 0.2 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, 0.6–1.3 × 0.1–0.7 cm, base cuneate, margins entire. |
(2 or) 3, 3-foliolate (usually whorled or opposite, rarely alternate, similar in morphology to rhizomal leaves), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)1.5–6(–7.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 3 cm), blade lanceolate, linear, or oblanceolate, (3–)4–10(–12) cm × (3–)5–20(–25) mm, margins usually coarsely dentate to incised, rarely subentire (margins minutely puberulent). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals ovate to oblong, 3–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely lavender, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm, (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, (4–)5–8 × 2–4 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, (8–)10–20 × (3–)4–7(–9) mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8–12 mm, lateral pair 6–8 mm; anthers oblong-linear, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect to ascending, 7–15(–25) mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (6–)10–27(–33) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 2–3 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; ovules 12–16 per ovary; style 1–2 mm. |
linear-lanceolate, (2–)2.5–3.8(–4.8) cm × 1.5–3 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 10–14 per ovary; style (2–)5–9(–12) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.6–3 × 1.8–2 mm. |
2n | = 28, 42, 64. |
= 128–256. |
Cardamine microphylla |
Cardamine concatenata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug. | Flowering Feb–May. |
Habitat | Streamsides, sand and cobbles on gravel bars, shale banks, floodplains, alluvial sand between cobbles, moist moss, turf, seepage areas, meadows, wet grounds | Wooded bottoms and bluffs, rich woods, limestone cliffs and outcrops, rocky banks, mesic forests, moist areas with leaf litter, floodplain woods |
Elevation | 0-1600 m (0-5200 ft) | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 477. | FNA vol. 7, p. 470. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. minuta | Dentaria concatenata, C. laciniata var. integra, C. laciniata var. lasiocarpa, Dentaria laciniata, Dentaria laciniata var. alterna, Dentaria laciniata var. coalescens, Dentaria laciniata var. integra, Dentaria laciniata var. latifolia, Dentaria laciniata var. opposita |
Name authority | Adams: Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 111. (1817) | (Michaux) O. Schwarz: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 188. (1939) |
Web links |