Cardamine micranthera |
Cardamine umbellata |
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streambank bittercress |
Siberian bittercress, umbel bitter-cress, umbellate bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; usually glabrous. |
Rhizomes | (relatively short), 2–3 mm diam., (covered with extensive root system). |
often elongated, usually slender, rarely thickened, 1–2(–5) mm diam., (not fleshy). |
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched or branched distally, 0.9–4 dm. |
(simple or few to several from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched basally, sometimes branched distally, (0.3–)0.8–2.5(–3) dm. |
Basal leaves | (sometimes withered by anthesis), rosulate, pinnately compound, (3 or) 5 or 7 (or 9)-foliolate, 2–5(–9) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, blade usually broadly ovate, rarely broadly obovate or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins usually entire, rarely slightly 3 (or 5)-lobed or crenate; terminal leaflet subsessile, blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–0.8(–1.2) cm × 5–9(–16) mm, margins entire or 3 (or 5)-lobed or crenate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | usually 3-foliolate, rarely simple, 1–8 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.5–5 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, often minute; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.4–2 cm), blade orbicular to broadly ovate, 0.5–3 cm × 5–25 mm, base rounded, margins entire, repand, or dentate. |
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Cauline leaves | 5–10, petiolate; middle leaves often simple, petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, blade rhombic to suborbicular or ovate, 1–3.5 cm × 6–22 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, margins entire, repand, or dentate; distal ones with shorter petiole, blade smaller. |
3–5(–7), 3–7 (or 9)-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets subsessile or sessile; base not auriculate; lateral leaflets: blade narrowly obovate, oblanceolate to linear, margins similar to terminal; terminal leaflet blade narrowly obovate, ovate, oblanceolate, lanceolate, oblong, margins usually entire, sometimes 3-lobed or crenate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate, (subumbellate, 2–8(–14)-flowered, rachis usually 3–20 mm). |
Flowers | sepals (ascending), oblong, 1.5–2.2 × 0.7–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals (somewhat spreading), white, oblanceolate, 3.5–5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 2.5–3 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, ca. 0.2 mm. |
sepals (greenish or purplish), oblong, 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly obovate, 2.5–5 × 1–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate, 9–17 mm. |
suberect to ascending, 3–8(–10) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 0.8–1.6 cm × 0.8–1 mm; ovules 16–22 per ovary; style 1.2–1.8 mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1.3–)1.8–2.5(–3) cm × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); style 0.5–2 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm. |
2n | = 32, 36, 48. |
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Cardamine micranthera |
Cardamine umbellata |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Wet grounds along streams, seepage, gravelly sandbars, moist crevices | Stream banks, tundra, alpine slopes, wetlands, damp, swampy and mossy areas, beach gravel and sand, alpine stream margins |
Elevation | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) | |
Distribution |
NC |
AK; WA; AB; BC; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East)
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Discussion | Of conservation concern. Cardamine micranthera is known only from Stokes County. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Recent molecular data (J. Lihová et al. 2006) indicate that Cardamine umbellata, often treated as a variety of C. oligosperma, represents a distinct lineage more closely related to taxa from New Zealand; this does not exclude C. oligosperma as one of the possible parents of this polyploid. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 477. | FNA vol. 7, p. 484. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. hirsuta subsp. kamtschatica, C. kamtschatica, C. oligosperma var. kamtschatica, C. sylvatica var. kamtschatica | |
Name authority | Rollins: Castanea 5: 87. (1940) | Greene: Pittonia 3: 154. (1897) |
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