Cardamine macrocarpa |
Cardamine dissecta |
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largeseed bittercress |
forkleaf toothwort |
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Habit | Annuals; glabrous or sparsely puberulent. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
(tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments oblong, 3–5 mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | (simple or several from base), erect or decumbent, (flexuous or straight, narrowly winged-angled), unbranched or branched distally, (1.4–)2–4.5(–5.3) dm. |
erect, unbranched, 1–3.5 dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | palmately compound (biternate), 7–20 cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 4–13 cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 1–3(–4) cm), blade ternately or pinnately lobed, (distal segment) linear, 0.7–3.5 cm × 0.6–3 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire (apiculate). |
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Cauline leaves | 3–9, middle ones 5–9-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 1–3 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade often smaller, with oblique base, distal leaflets subsessile, blade smaller and narrower distally; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–0.8 cm), blade usually broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, rarely oblong, 0.7–2 cm × 2–10 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins repand, crenate, or 3-lobed. |
(2 or) 3, palmately compound (biternate, similar to rhizomal leaves, alternate to subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet (petiolule (0.3–)0.7–1.5(–2.5) cm), blade (ternate, distal segment) linear, (0.4–)1.5–5(–6.5) cm × 0.7–4(–6) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate, (rachis slightly to strongly flexuous or geniculate). |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, linear, 6–8 × 0.7–1 mm; filaments: median pairs 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3.5–4 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
sepals oblong, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–15 × 2–4 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 6–7.5 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | horizontal to divaricate or ascending, (3–)4–9(–12) mm. |
ascending to divaricate, 10–25(–35) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (2.5–)3–4.6 cm × 1.7–2.1 mm; ovules 14–22 per ovary; style 1–3 mm. |
linear-lanceolate, 2–3.5 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7(–10) mm. |
Seeds | dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 0.9–1.2 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 64, 112. |
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Cardamine macrocarpa |
Cardamine dissecta |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Rock crevices and ledges, gravel bars of mountain streams, moist rocky stream banks, shaded loamy forest floors | Oak-hickory woods, moist loamy areas, floodplain woods, bluffs, rocky calcareous woods, limestone slopes, along streams |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | |
Distribution |
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León) |
AL; GA; IN; KY; NC; OH; TN
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Discussion | Cardamine macrocarpa is known from the Chisos Mountains, Brewster County. The characters by which var. texana is said to differ from var. macrocarpa are artificially drawn, and the style length, presence or absence of indumentum on the pedicels, and degree of flexuosity of the raceme rachises do not correlate and can vary within a given area. For these reasons, we do not recognize infraspecific taxa in Cardamine macrocarpa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. | FNA vol. 7, p. 473. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. macrocarpa var. texana | Dentaria dissecta, C. angustata var. multifida, C. laciniata subsp. multifida, Dentaria furcata, Dentaria heterophylla var. multifida, Dentaria laciniata var. multifida, Dentaria multifida |
Name authority | Brandegee: Zoë 5: 233. (1906) | (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz: J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 82. (1988) |
Web links |