Cardamine longii |
Cardamine umbellata |
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long's bitter-cress |
Siberian bittercress, umbel bitter-cress, umbellate bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; usually glabrous. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 0.8–1.5 mm diam. |
often elongated, usually slender, rarely thickened, 1–2(–5) mm diam., (not fleshy). |
Stems | prostrate to decumbent or erect, unbranched or branched, 0.5–4(–6) dm. |
(simple or few to several from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched basally, sometimes branched distally, (0.3–)0.8–2.5(–3) dm. |
Basal leaves | (sometimes withered by anthesis), rosulate, pinnately compound, (3 or) 5 or 7 (or 9)-foliolate, 2–5(–9) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or subsessile, blade usually broadly ovate, rarely broadly obovate or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins usually entire, rarely slightly 3 (or 5)-lobed or crenate; terminal leaflet subsessile, blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–0.8(–1.2) cm × 5–9(–16) mm, margins entire or 3 (or 5)-lobed or crenate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
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Cauline leaves | 3–10, usually simple, rarely 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate; petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.4–2.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets (when present) sessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade similar to terminal, considerably smaller; terminal leaflet blade orbicular to reniform or ovate to oblong, 0.4–3 cm × 3–20 mm, (somewhat fleshy), base subcordate to rounded or subtruncate, margins entire or repand, rarely undulate, (apex rounded). |
3–5(–7), 3–7 (or 9)-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets subsessile or sessile; base not auriculate; lateral leaflets: blade narrowly obovate, oblanceolate to linear, margins similar to terminal; terminal leaflet blade narrowly obovate, ovate, oblanceolate, lanceolate, oblong, margins usually entire, sometimes 3-lobed or crenate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate, (subumbellate, 2–8(–14)-flowered, rachis usually 3–20 mm). |
Flowers | sepals ovate, 0.7–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals absent or rudimentary, to 0.7 mm; filaments 0.5–0.8 mm; anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
sepals (greenish or purplish), oblong, 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly obovate, 2.5–5 × 1–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending to spreading, 0.5–2(–4) mm. |
suberect to ascending, 3–8(–10) mm. |
Fruits | narrowly oblong to linear, (3–)5–10(–15) × 0.8–1.2 mm; ovules 6–22 per ovary; style 0.2–0.5(–1) mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1.3–)1.8–2.5(–3) cm × 0.8–1.5(–2) mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); style 0.5–2 mm. |
Seeds | light or yellowish brown, oblong or ovoid, 1–1.4 × 0.7–1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm. |
2n | = 32, 36, 48. |
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Cardamine longii |
Cardamine umbellata |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Tidal marshes, mud flats, tidal shores of rivers, shallow water, swampy areas, shady rocky crevices covered at high tide | Stream banks, tundra, alpine slopes, wetlands, damp, swampy and mossy areas, beach gravel and sand, alpine stream margins |
Elevation | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; MA; MD; ME; NC; NJ; NY; SC; VA |
AK; WA; AB; BC; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East)
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Discussion | Recent molecular data (J. Lihová et al. 2006) indicate that Cardamine umbellata, often treated as a variety of C. oligosperma, represents a distinct lineage more closely related to taxa from New Zealand; this does not exclude C. oligosperma as one of the possible parents of this polyploid. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. | FNA vol. 7, p. 484. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. hirsuta subsp. kamtschatica, C. kamtschatica, C. oligosperma var. kamtschatica, C. sylvatica var. kamtschatica | |
Name authority | Fernald: Rhodora 19: 91. (1917) | Greene: Pittonia 3: 154. (1897) |
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