Cardamine longii |
Cardamine pratensis |
|
---|---|---|
long's bitter-cress |
Brewer's bitter-cress, cuckoo bitter-cress, cuckoo flower, European field bitter-cress, lady's-smock, meadow bittercress, pink cuckoo bitter-cress |
|
Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pilose basally. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 0.8–1.5 mm diam. |
cylindrical, (not fragile), relatively short, (not fleshy). |
Stems | prostrate to decumbent or erect, unbranched or branched, 0.5–4(–6) dm. |
erect, unbranched, (0.8–)1.5–5.5(–8) dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
simple or 5–9(–31)-foliolate, to 30 cm, (thin, veins raised), leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (1–)2–7(–10) cm; lateral leaflets petiolulate or sessile, blade similar to terminal or smaller, orbicular, ovate, or obovate, margins crenate or repand; terminal leaflet (petiolule to 1.5 cm), blade orbicular or broadly obovate, 0.3–2 cm diam., base usually rounded, rarely subreniform or cuneate, margins repand, (apex rounded). |
Cauline leaves | 3–10, usually simple, rarely 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate; petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.4–2.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets (when present) sessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade similar to terminal, considerably smaller; terminal leaflet blade orbicular to reniform or ovate to oblong, 0.4–3 cm × 3–20 mm, (somewhat fleshy), base subcordate to rounded or subtruncate, margins entire or repand, rarely undulate, (apex rounded). |
2–12(–18), pinnatisect, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile, (2–17 cm including petiole, thin, veins raised); petiole base not auriculate; lobes or leaflets (4–7(–13) each side of rachis), petiolulate or sessile and decurrent, blade similar to terminal lobe or leaflet, margins usually entire, rarely dentate; terminal lobe or leaflet (petiolulate or sessile), blade linear, oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, 1–2.5(–3.5) cm × 5–8(–10) mm, (surfaces glabrous). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals ovate, 0.7–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals absent or rudimentary, to 0.7 mm; filaments 0.5–0.8 mm; anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
sepals (erect or spreading), oblong or ovate, (2.5–)3–5(–6) × 1–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually purple or lilac, rarely white, obovate, (6–)8–15(–18) × 3–7.5(–10) mm, (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 5–10 mm, lateral pair 3–6 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, (0.8–)1.2–2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending to spreading, 0.5–2(–4) mm. |
erect-ascending or subdivaricate, (5–)12–25(–30) mm. |
Fruits | narrowly oblong to linear, (3–)5–10(–15) × 0.8–1.2 mm; ovules 6–22 per ovary; style 0.2–0.5(–1) mm. |
linear, (1.6–)2.5–4.5(–5) cm × (1.2–)1.5–2.3 mm; ovules 20–30 per ovary; style (0.5–)1–2.2(–2.7) mm, (stout). |
Seeds | light or yellowish brown, oblong or ovoid, 1–1.4 × 0.7–1 mm. |
light brown, oblong, 1.2–1.8(–2) × 1–1.4 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Cardamine longii |
Cardamine pratensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Tidal marshes, mud flats, tidal shores of rivers, shallow water, swampy areas, shady rocky crevices covered at high tide | Moist grounds, stream sides, limestone shores, sedge and grass meadows, marshy pond margins, mossy areas, wet hollows, boggy areas, turfy shores, damp creek banks, swamps, brooks and ditches, moist ravines, springy swales |
Elevation | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; MA; MD; ME; NC; NJ; NY; SC; VA |
CT; IN; MA; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; VT; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; Eurasia
|
Discussion | The taxonomy of Cardamine pratensis in North America requires further detailed study. Most, if not all, populations of this species were introduced from Europe. Some specimens resemble the European C. dentata Schultes (high polyploid, characterized by all leaves, including distalmost, pinnate with petiolate and sometimes deciduous leaflets) and these populations might be native. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. | FNA vol. 7, p. 482. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dracamine pratensis | |
Name authority | Fernald: Rhodora 19: 91. (1917) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 656. (1753) |
Web links |