Cardamine longii |
Cardamine pensylvanica |
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long's bitter-cress |
Pennsylvania bitter-cress, pennsylvanian bitter-cress, Quaker bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Annuals or biennials; sparsely hirsute basally, glabrous distally. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 0.8–1.5 mm diam. |
absent. |
Stems | prostrate to decumbent or erect, unbranched or branched, 0.5–4(–6) dm. |
(simple from base), erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, (0.5–)1.5–5.5(–7) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate, similar to proximalmost cauline leaves, 4–15 cm. |
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Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
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Cauline leaves | 3–10, usually simple, rarely 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate; petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.4–2.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets (when present) sessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade similar to terminal, considerably smaller; terminal leaflet blade orbicular to reniform or ovate to oblong, 0.4–3 cm × 3–20 mm, (somewhat fleshy), base subcordate to rounded or subtruncate, margins entire or repand, rarely undulate, (apex rounded). |
(3–)5–20(–35), pinnately (5 or) 7–13(–19)-foliolate, sometimes appearing pinnatisect, lobe number similar to leaflets (middle and proximal ones 2–11 cm), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate, subsessile, or sessile; petiole (0.4–)1–3.5(–4.5) cm, base not auriculate, (often sparsely hirsute); lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, (decurrent on rachis smaller than terminal, distalmost blades narrower, with fewer lobes or leaflets), margins entire or crenate; terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule to 1 cm), blade suborbicular, obovate to oblanceolate, or elliptic, 1.3–3(–4) cm × 6–25 mm, base often cuneate, margins entire, repand, or obscurely 3 or 5-lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals ovate, 0.7–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals absent or rudimentary, to 0.7 mm; filaments 0.5–0.8 mm; anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
sepals oblong, (1–)1.3–2.3 × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly spatulate to oblanceolate, 2–3.5(–4) × 0.8–1.5 mm, (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1–2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.2–0.3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending to spreading, 0.5–2(–4) mm. |
divaricate-ascending, (3–)4–10(–13) mm. |
Fruits | narrowly oblong to linear, (3–)5–10(–15) × 0.8–1.2 mm; ovules 6–22 per ovary; style 0.2–0.5(–1) mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1.4–)1.7–2.7(–3.2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 0.5–1 mm. |
Seeds | light or yellowish brown, oblong or ovoid, 1–1.4 × 0.7–1 mm. |
brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.7–1.1 × 0.5–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 32, 64. |
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Cardamine longii |
Cardamine pensylvanica |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Tidal marshes, mud flats, tidal shores of rivers, shallow water, swampy areas, shady rocky crevices covered at high tide | Marshes, streams, swamps, ditches, seepage, springs, lake margins, mesic bottomland and upland forests, wet areas, ledges of sheltered bluffs, banks and shallow water of streams and spring branches, margins of crop fields, waste ground |
Elevation | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) | 0-2800 m (0-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; MA; MD; ME; NC; NJ; NY; SC; VA |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | We have not seen material of Cardamine pensylvanica from Nebraska or South Dakota; it is very likely that the species grows in these states as well. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. | FNA vol. 7, p. 482. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. breweri var. oregana, C. flexuosa subsp. pensylvanica, C. hirsuta var. pensylvanica, C. multifolia, C. oregana, C. pensylvanica var. brittoniana, C. rotundifolia var. diversifolia, Dracamine pensylvanica | |
Name authority | Fernald: Rhodora 19: 91. (1917) | Muhlenberg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 486. (1801) |
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