Cardamine impatiens |
Cardamine diphylla |
|
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narrow-leaf bitter-cress |
broadleaf toothwort, crinkleroot, two-leaf toothwort |
|
Habit | Biennials or, rarely, annuals; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent basally. | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
(unsegmented), cylindrical, 2–10 mm diam., (somewhat uniform, fleshy, not fragile, with dentate leaf scars). |
Stems | erect, (angled, sometimes flexuous), unbranched basally, usually branched distally, (1.2–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
erect, unbranched, (1.2–)1.5–3.5(–4) dm, rarely sparsely pubescent distally. |
Basal leaves | (often withered by flowering), rosulate, similar to cauline, with fewer distal leaflets. |
|
Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, (5.5–)8–22(–26) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)4.5–16(–20) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate, blade often similar to terminal, base sometimes oblique; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1.2 cm), blade ovate-elliptic to broadly ovate, (2–)3.5–8(–10) cm × (5–)20–65(–80) mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins coarsely crenate or dentate, (surfaces puberulent, trichomes to 0.1 mm). |
|
Cauline leaves | 9–24, (9–)13–25-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 2–6 cm, base auriculate (auricles to 10 × 2.2 mm); lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade often smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule to 0.5 cm), blade orbicular, obovate, ovate, or lanceolate, 1–4(–5) cm × 5–17 mm, margins entire or 3–5(–9)-toothed or -lobed. |
2 (or 3) [(sub)opposite], 3-foliolate, (similar to rhizomal leaves), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)2–4.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade broadly elliptic to ovate, (2–)4–8(–10) cm × 10–50 mm, margins coarsely dentate or crenate, (margins minutely puberulent). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.2–2(–2.5) × 0.7–1(–1.2) mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals (rarely absent), white, oblanceolate, 1.5–4(–5) × 0.6–1.2 mm; filaments 2–3(–4) mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, (4–)5–8 × 2–3 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white or pink to purple, obovate to oblanceolate, (7–)9–15(–17) × (3–)4–7 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–8 mm, lateral pair 3.5–6 mm; anthers linear to oblong, 2.5–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or ascending, 3.5–12(–15) mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–30(–36) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), (1–)1.6–3(–3.5) cm × 0.9–1.5 mm; (valves glabrous or, rarely, pilose); ovules 10–30 per ovary; style 0.6–1.6(–2) mm. |
linear-lanceolate, 1.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–8(–10) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, (compressed, sometimes narrowly winged apically). |
(rarely produced) brown, oblong, 2–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm (cotyledons incumbent). |
2n | = 16. |
= 96. |
Cardamine impatiens |
Cardamine diphylla |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Streamsides, slopes, roadsides, fields, disturbed areas | Wooded bottoms and ravines, cliffs, bluffs, ledges, shaded slopes, meadows, moist fields, alluvial banks, rich woods |
Elevation | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) | 50-1300 m (200-4300 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; KY; MI; MN; NH; OH; PA; VA; WV; ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South Africa]
|
AL; AR; CT; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. | FNA vol. 7, p. 472. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. impatiens var. angustifolia | Dentaria diphylla, Dentaria bifolia, Dentaria incisa |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) | (Michaux) Alph. Wood: Amer. Bot. Fl., 37. (1870) |
Web links |