Cardamine impatiens |
Cardamine constancei |
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narrow-leaf bitter-cress |
Constance's bittercress |
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Habit | Biennials or, rarely, annuals; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent basally. | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely hirsute. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, (angled, sometimes flexuous), unbranched basally, usually branched distally, (1.2–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
erect, unbranched, 1.5–5 dm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute basally. |
Basal leaves | (often withered by flowering), rosulate, similar to cauline, with fewer distal leaflets. |
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Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
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Cauline leaves | 9–24, (9–)13–25-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 2–6 cm, base auriculate (auricles to 10 × 2.2 mm); lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade often smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule to 0.5 cm), blade orbicular, obovate, ovate, or lanceolate, 1–4(–5) cm × 5–17 mm, margins entire or 3–5(–9)-toothed or -lobed. |
4–7, simple, (crowded distally), petiolate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm, base not auriculate; blade usually broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, rarely obovate, 5–13 cm × 20–65 mm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate (with apiculae), or repand to undulate (margins minutely pubescent, apex acute). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.2–2(–2.5) × 0.7–1(–1.2) mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals (rarely absent), white, oblanceolate, 1.5–4(–5) × 0.6–1.2 mm; filaments 2–3(–4) mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 6–8 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals pink, oblanceolate, 15–28 × 5–8 mm, (claw to 10 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8–10 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm; anthers linear, 2–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or ascending, 3.5–12(–15) mm. |
divaricate-ascending to suberect, 10–22 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), (1–)1.6–3(–3.5) cm × 0.9–1.5 mm; (valves glabrous or, rarely, pilose); ovules 10–30 per ovary; style 0.6–1.6(–2) mm. |
linear, 2.5–3.5(–5) cm × 1.9–2.1 mm; ovules 12–16 per ovary; style 2–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, (compressed, sometimes narrowly winged apically). |
brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
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Cardamine impatiens |
Cardamine constancei |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Streamsides, slopes, roadsides, fields, disturbed areas | Moist cliffs, wooded creek bottoms, shaded draws, hillsides, moist woods, mixed coniferous forests, granitic soils |
Elevation | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) | 400-600 m (1300-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; KY; MI; MN; NH; OH; PA; VA; WV; ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South Africa]
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ID
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Discussion | Cardamine constancei is known from Clearwater, Idaho, Kootenai, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. | FNA vol. 7, p. 471. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. impatiens var. angustifolia | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) | Detling: Madroño 3: 176, plate 9. (1935) |
Web links |