Cardamine impatiens |
Cardamine blaisdellii |
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narrow-leaf bitter-cress |
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Habit | Biennials or, rarely, annuals; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent basally. | Perennials; usually glabrous throughout, rarely pilose. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, (angled, sometimes flexuous), unbranched basally, usually branched distally, (1.2–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.5–2(–2.5) dm. |
Basal leaves | (often withered by flowering), rosulate, similar to cauline, with fewer distal leaflets. |
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Rhizomal leaves | pinnately 5- or 7-foliolate, 2.5–12 cm (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate; petiole 1.5–4(–9) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, or smaller and margins usually toothed, rarely entire; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.3 cm) blade suborbicular to broadly obovate, 0.4–1.5 cm × 2.5–14 mm, base obtuse to subcordate, margins 3–5-toothed, (apiculate). |
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Cauline leaves | 9–24, (9–)13–25-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 2–6 cm, base auriculate (auricles to 10 × 2.2 mm); lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade often smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule to 0.5 cm), blade orbicular, obovate, ovate, or lanceolate, 1–4(–5) cm × 5–17 mm, margins entire or 3–5(–9)-toothed or -lobed. |
1–3, (3–)5-foliolate (alternate), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.2–2(–6.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm × 3–10 mm, base cuneate, margins 3-toothed or entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.2–2(–2.5) × 0.7–1(–1.2) mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals (rarely absent), white, oblanceolate, 1.5–4(–5) × 0.6–1.2 mm; filaments 2–3(–4) mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or ascending, 3.5–12(–15) mm. |
erect to ascending, 0.7–22 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), (1–)1.6–3(–3.5) cm × 0.9–1.5 mm; (valves glabrous or, rarely, pilose); ovules 10–30 per ovary; style 0.6–1.6(–2) mm. |
linear, 1.6–4 cm × 1–1.3 mm; ovules 14–24 per ovary; style 0.7–3 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, (compressed, sometimes narrowly winged apically). |
brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 28, 42. |
Cardamine impatiens |
Cardamine blaisdellii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Streamsides, slopes, roadsides, fields, disturbed areas | Moist streamsides, meadows, river gravel, mesic grounds, wet tundra, moist humus, scree slopes, calcareous fellfields |
Elevation | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) | 50-1000 m (200-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; KY; MI; MN; NH; OH; PA; VA; WV; ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South Africa]
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AK; n Europe; e Europe (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
Discussion | Cardamine blaisdellii was treated by R. C. Rollins (1993) as a synonym of C. microphylla, but the morphological differences (see key) and molecular data (R. B. Jørgensen et al., 2008) clearly demonstrate that they are distinct. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. | FNA vol. 7, p. 468. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. impatiens var. angustifolia | C. microphylla subsp. blaisdellii, C. microphylla var. blaisdellii |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) | Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 33: 146. (1902) |
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