Cardamine hirsuta |
Cardamine oligosperma |
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hairy bitter-cress, shotweed |
alpine bitter-cress, few-seed bitter-cress, Idaho bittercress, little western bitter-cress, Siberian bitter-cress |
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Habit | Annuals; sparsely hirsute basally (at least on petiole of basal leaves), often glabrous distally. | Annuals or biennials; usually sparsely hirsute (at least proximally), rarely glabrous. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
absent. |
Stems | erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.3–)1–3.5(–4.5) dm, (not flexuous). |
(simple or few from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, (0.5–)0.8–3.2(–4.1) dm, usually pubescent throughout or proximally, rarely glabrous. |
Basal leaves | (persistent to anthesis), rosulate, (5–)8–15(–22)-foliolate, (2–)3.5–15(–17) cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 0.5–5 cm, (ciliate); lateral leaflet blade oblong, ovate, obovate, or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins entire, repand, crenate, or 3-lobed; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–1 cm), blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–2 cm × 6–30 mm, margins entire, repand, dentate, or 3 or 5-lobed. |
(persistent to anthesis), rosulate, pinnately compound, 5–9(–13)-foliolate, 2–8.5(–11) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 1–6 cm; lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade obovate to oblanceolate, smaller than terminal, margins entire or crenate; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.1–0.7 cm), blade usually orbicular to ovate, rarely oblong, 0.4–1.5(–2.3) cm × 3–10(–13) mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire, or crenate-dentate to obscurely 3 or 5-lobed, (surfaces often hirsute, sometimes glabrous). |
Cauline leaves | 1–4(–6), compound as basal, petiolate, [(0.5–)1.2–5.5(–7) cm, including petiole], leaflets petiolulate; blade base not auriculate; leaflets similar to basal. |
3–8, pinnately compound, similar to basal, smaller and fewer distally, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate; petals (sometimes absent) white, spatulate, 2.5–4.5(–5) × 0.5–1.1 mm; (stamens usually 4, lateral pair often absent, rarely 5 or 6); filaments 1.8–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.3–1.8(–2) × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly spatulate to oblanceolate, 2.5–3.5 × 0.9–1.5 mm (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 1.7–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1.2–2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect to ascending, (2–)3–10(–14) mm. |
divaricate-ascending, (2–)3–9(–12) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), (0.9–)1.5–2.5(–2.8) cm × (0.8–)1–1.4 mm, (often appressed to rachis); ovules 14–40 per ovary; style 0.1–0.6(–1) mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1.3–)1.6–2.8 cm × 1–1.7 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 16–36(–42) per ovary; style 0.4–1(–1.5) mm. |
Seeds | light brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9–1.3(–1.5) × 0.6–0.9(–1.1) mm, (narrowly margined). |
brown, oblong, 1–1.6 × 0.8–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Cardamine hirsuta |
Cardamine oligosperma |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jul. | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Roadsides, clearings, disturbed sites, slopes, cedar glades, mixed woods, meadows, fields, waste grounds, damp places, grassy areas | Stream banks, shady banks, creek bottoms, lakeshores, meadows, moist areas, wooded slopes |
Elevation | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) | 50-3300 m (200-10800 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; ON; w Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, e Asia (Japan), South Africa, Australia]
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CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Herbarium specimens of Cardamine hirsuta have been misidentified as C. oligosperma. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 475. | FNA vol. 7, p. 479. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. acuminata, C. hirsuta var. acuminata, C. hirsuta var. bracteata, C. hirsuta subsp. oligosperma, C. hirsuta var. parviflora, C. oligosperma var. bracteata, C. oligosperma var. lucens, C. oligosperma var. unijuga, C. unijuga | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 85. (1838) |
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