Cardamine hirsuta |
Cardamine microphylla |
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hairy bitter-cress, shotweed |
small-leaf bittercress |
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Habit | Annuals; sparsely hirsute basally (at least on petiole of basal leaves), often glabrous distally. | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hirtellous. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.3–)1–3.5(–4.5) dm, (not flexuous). |
erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.3–1.5(–2) dm. |
Basal leaves | (persistent to anthesis), rosulate, (5–)8–15(–22)-foliolate, (2–)3.5–15(–17) cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 0.5–5 cm, (ciliate); lateral leaflet blade oblong, ovate, obovate, or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins entire, repand, crenate, or 3-lobed; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–1 cm), blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–2 cm × 6–30 mm, margins entire, repand, dentate, or 3 or 5-lobed. |
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Rhizomal leaves | pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, (1.3–)2.5–6.5 cm, (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate; petiole (0.5–)1.5–5.5 cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.7 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, (0.2–)0.4–1.2(–1.5) cm × (1–)2.5–6 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins entire, (apiculate). |
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Cauline leaves | 1–4(–6), compound as basal, petiolate, [(0.5–)1.2–5.5(–7) cm, including petiole], leaflets petiolulate; blade base not auriculate; leaflets similar to basal. |
1–3, 5 or 7-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.2–1.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule to 0.2 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, 0.6–1.3 × 0.1–0.7 cm, base cuneate, margins entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate; petals (sometimes absent) white, spatulate, 2.5–4.5(–5) × 0.5–1.1 mm; (stamens usually 4, lateral pair often absent, rarely 5 or 6); filaments 1.8–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals ovate to oblong, 3–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely lavender, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm, (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect to ascending, (2–)3–10(–14) mm. |
erect to ascending, 7–15(–25) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), (0.9–)1.5–2.5(–2.8) cm × (0.8–)1–1.4 mm, (often appressed to rachis); ovules 14–40 per ovary; style 0.1–0.6(–1) mm. |
linear, 2–3 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; ovules 12–16 per ovary; style 1–2 mm. |
Seeds | light brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9–1.3(–1.5) × 0.6–0.9(–1.1) mm, (narrowly margined). |
brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 28, 42, 64. |
Cardamine hirsuta |
Cardamine microphylla |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jul. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Roadsides, clearings, disturbed sites, slopes, cedar glades, mixed woods, meadows, fields, waste grounds, damp places, grassy areas | Streamsides, sand and cobbles on gravel bars, shale banks, floodplains, alluvial sand between cobbles, moist moss, turf, seepage areas, meadows, wet grounds |
Elevation | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) | 0-1600 m (0-5200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; ON; w Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, e Asia (Japan), South Africa, Australia]
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AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
Discussion | Herbarium specimens of Cardamine hirsuta have been misidentified as C. oligosperma. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 475. | FNA vol. 7, p. 477. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. minuta | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) | Adams: Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 111. (1817) |
Web links |
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