Cardamine hirsuta |
Cardamine longii |
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hairy bitter-cress, shotweed |
long's bitter-cress |
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Habit | Annuals; sparsely hirsute basally (at least on petiole of basal leaves), often glabrous distally. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
cylindrical, slender, 0.8–1.5 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.3–)1–3.5(–4.5) dm, (not flexuous). |
prostrate to decumbent or erect, unbranched or branched, 0.5–4(–6) dm. |
Basal leaves | (persistent to anthesis), rosulate, (5–)8–15(–22)-foliolate, (2–)3.5–15(–17) cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 0.5–5 cm, (ciliate); lateral leaflet blade oblong, ovate, obovate, or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins entire, repand, crenate, or 3-lobed; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–1 cm), blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–2 cm × 6–30 mm, margins entire, repand, dentate, or 3 or 5-lobed. |
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Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
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Cauline leaves | 1–4(–6), compound as basal, petiolate, [(0.5–)1.2–5.5(–7) cm, including petiole], leaflets petiolulate; blade base not auriculate; leaflets similar to basal. |
3–10, usually simple, rarely 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate; petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.4–2.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets (when present) sessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade similar to terminal, considerably smaller; terminal leaflet blade orbicular to reniform or ovate to oblong, 0.4–3 cm × 3–20 mm, (somewhat fleshy), base subcordate to rounded or subtruncate, margins entire or repand, rarely undulate, (apex rounded). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate; petals (sometimes absent) white, spatulate, 2.5–4.5(–5) × 0.5–1.1 mm; (stamens usually 4, lateral pair often absent, rarely 5 or 6); filaments 1.8–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals ovate, 0.7–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals absent or rudimentary, to 0.7 mm; filaments 0.5–0.8 mm; anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect to ascending, (2–)3–10(–14) mm. |
divaricate-ascending to spreading, 0.5–2(–4) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), (0.9–)1.5–2.5(–2.8) cm × (0.8–)1–1.4 mm, (often appressed to rachis); ovules 14–40 per ovary; style 0.1–0.6(–1) mm. |
narrowly oblong to linear, (3–)5–10(–15) × 0.8–1.2 mm; ovules 6–22 per ovary; style 0.2–0.5(–1) mm. |
Seeds | light brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9–1.3(–1.5) × 0.6–0.9(–1.1) mm, (narrowly margined). |
light or yellowish brown, oblong or ovoid, 1–1.4 × 0.7–1 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
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Cardamine hirsuta |
Cardamine longii |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Roadsides, clearings, disturbed sites, slopes, cedar glades, mixed woods, meadows, fields, waste grounds, damp places, grassy areas | Tidal marshes, mud flats, tidal shores of rivers, shallow water, swampy areas, shady rocky crevices covered at high tide |
Elevation | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; ON; w Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, e Asia (Japan), South Africa, Australia]
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FL; MA; MD; ME; NC; NJ; NY; SC; VA |
Discussion | Herbarium specimens of Cardamine hirsuta have been misidentified as C. oligosperma. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 475. | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) | Fernald: Rhodora 19: 91. (1917) |
Web links |
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