Cardamine hirsuta |
Cardamine angulata |
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hairy bitter-cress, shotweed |
angle bitter-cress, angle-leaf bitter-cress, seaside bitter-cress |
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Habit | Annuals; sparsely hirsute basally (at least on petiole of basal leaves), often glabrous distally. | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Rhizomes | absent. |
cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.3–)1–3.5(–4.5) dm, (not flexuous). |
erect, unbranched, (1.5–)2.5–8.5(–10) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute at base. |
Basal leaves | (persistent to anthesis), rosulate, (5–)8–15(–22)-foliolate, (2–)3.5–15(–17) cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 0.5–5 cm, (ciliate); lateral leaflet blade oblong, ovate, obovate, or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins entire, repand, crenate, or 3-lobed; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–1 cm), blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–2 cm × 6–30 mm, margins entire, repand, dentate, or 3 or 5-lobed. |
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Rhizomal leaves | 3 (or 5)-foliolate, (4–)7–20(–22) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (2–)4–12(–14) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, larger or smaller in size; terminal leaflet petiolulate [(0.3–)0.5–1.5 cm], blade ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1.5–7(–9) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subreniform or obtuse, margins 3–5(–7)-lobed or -toothed, surfaces puberulent. |
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Cauline leaves | 1–4(–6), compound as basal, petiolate, [(0.5–)1.2–5.5(–7) cm, including petiole], leaflets petiolulate; blade base not auriculate; leaflets similar to basal. |
(3 or) 4–8, 3 (or 5)-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 1–4 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 2–7 cm × 6–40 mm, margins minutely pubescent. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate; petals (sometimes absent) white, spatulate, 2.5–4.5(–5) × 0.5–1.1 mm; (stamens usually 4, lateral pair often absent, rarely 5 or 6); filaments 1.8–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely pinkish, obovate, 8–15 × 4–8 mm (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–6 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect to ascending, (2–)3–10(–14) mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (9–)12–25 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), (0.9–)1.5–2.5(–2.8) cm × (0.8–)1–1.4 mm, (often appressed to rachis); ovules 14–40 per ovary; style 0.1–0.6(–1) mm. |
linear, 1.5–3.2 cm × 1.4–2 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style (0.5–)1–4 mm. |
Seeds | light brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9–1.3(–1.5) × 0.6–0.9(–1.1) mm, (narrowly margined). |
dark brown, oblong, 1.8–2.3 × 1–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 40. |
Cardamine hirsuta |
Cardamine angulata |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides, clearings, disturbed sites, slopes, cedar glades, mixed woods, meadows, fields, waste grounds, damp places, grassy areas | Moist ground, stream banks, swampy or damp woods, thickets, wet meadows |
Elevation | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; ON; w Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, e Asia (Japan), South Africa, Australia]
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AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Herbarium specimens of Cardamine hirsuta have been misidentified as C. oligosperma. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 475. | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. angulata var. alba, C. angulata var. hirsuta, C. angulata var. pentaphylla, Dentaria grandiflora | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 44. (1829) |
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