Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine penduliflora |
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Blue Ridge bittercress |
wetlands bitter-cress, Willamette Valley bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | swollen, compact at stem base, (fleshy, stolons many, slender, ca. 1 mm diam., pubescent or glabrous). |
(tuberiform, fragile), 4–9(–11) mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 1–2.5 dm, sparsely to densely hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely so or glabrous distally. |
erect or decumbent at base, unbranched, 2–6(–7.5) dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | usually simple, rarely 3-foliolate, (3–)6–16 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1.5–)4–13 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–2 cm), blade orbicular to reniform or broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–4.5 cm, base cordate, margins repand to coarsely crenate, (apiculate at vein endings, surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous). |
5–13-foliolate, (4–)10–18(–25) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)5–12(–17) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.4–0.7 cm), blade oblong to elliptic or ovate, (0.4–)0.7–1.7(–2) cm, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire or obscurely 3-lobed. |
Cauline leaves | 2–5, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.8–5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.5–1.5 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 12–35 mm, margins repand to coarsely crenate or slightly lobed, (apiculate at vein endings, margins glabrous). |
2–6, 5–11-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 3–10 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1.5 cm), blade narrowly ovate or oblong to oblanceolate, 1.5–3.5 cm × 2–15 mm, margins entire or toothed to 3-lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals (ascending) oblong, 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 mm. |
sepals oblong to ovate, 3.5–5 × 1.8–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals white, obovate, 12–16 × 6–8 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded or subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 6–7 mm, lateral pair 4–5 mm; anthers oblong, 1.5–1.8 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, 7–20 mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (10–)20–40(–60) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1.2–2.5 mm. |
linear, 2.5–4.5 cm × 1.4–2 mm; ovules 12–24 per ovary; style 4–6 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.8–2 × 1–1.5 mm. |
Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine penduliflora |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Moist wooded slopes, gorges, wooded ravines, seepage places | Shallow pools, wet grounds, marshes, meadows, creeks, channels, swampy woods |
Elevation | 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) | 50-150 m (200-500 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; NC; SC; TN; WV |
OR
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Discussion | Cardamine penduliflora is known from Douglas County north into Benton, Lane, Marion, Polk, and Yamhill counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 474. | FNA vol. 7, p. 481. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flagellifera var. hugeri, C. hugeri | C. rariflora |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405. (1903) | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 538. (1903) |
Web links |