Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine oligosperma |
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Blue Ridge bittercress |
alpine bitter-cress, few-seed bitter-cress, Idaho bittercress, little western bitter-cress, Siberian bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. | Annuals or biennials; usually sparsely hirsute (at least proximally), rarely glabrous. |
Rhizomes | swollen, compact at stem base, (fleshy, stolons many, slender, ca. 1 mm diam., pubescent or glabrous). |
absent. |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 1–2.5 dm, sparsely to densely hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely so or glabrous distally. |
(simple or few from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, (0.5–)0.8–3.2(–4.1) dm, usually pubescent throughout or proximally, rarely glabrous. |
Basal leaves | (persistent to anthesis), rosulate, pinnately compound, 5–9(–13)-foliolate, 2–8.5(–11) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 1–6 cm; lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade obovate to oblanceolate, smaller than terminal, margins entire or crenate; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.1–0.7 cm), blade usually orbicular to ovate, rarely oblong, 0.4–1.5(–2.3) cm × 3–10(–13) mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire, or crenate-dentate to obscurely 3 or 5-lobed, (surfaces often hirsute, sometimes glabrous). |
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Rhizomal leaves | usually simple, rarely 3-foliolate, (3–)6–16 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1.5–)4–13 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–2 cm), blade orbicular to reniform or broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–4.5 cm, base cordate, margins repand to coarsely crenate, (apiculate at vein endings, surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous). |
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Cauline leaves | 2–5, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.8–5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.5–1.5 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 12–35 mm, margins repand to coarsely crenate or slightly lobed, (apiculate at vein endings, margins glabrous). |
3–8, pinnately compound, similar to basal, smaller and fewer distally, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals (ascending) oblong, 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.3–1.8(–2) × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly spatulate to oblanceolate, 2.5–3.5 × 0.9–1.5 mm (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 1.7–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1.2–2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, 7–20 mm. |
divaricate-ascending, (2–)3–9(–12) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1.2–2.5 mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1.3–)1.6–2.8 cm × 1–1.7 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 16–36(–42) per ovary; style 0.4–1(–1.5) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1–1.6 × 0.8–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
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Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine oligosperma |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist wooded slopes, gorges, wooded ravines, seepage places | Stream banks, shady banks, creek bottoms, lakeshores, meadows, moist areas, wooded slopes |
Elevation | 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) | 50-3300 m (200-10800 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; NC; SC; TN; WV |
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 474. | FNA vol. 7, p. 479. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flagellifera var. hugeri, C. hugeri | C. acuminata, C. hirsuta var. acuminata, C. hirsuta var. bracteata, C. hirsuta subsp. oligosperma, C. hirsuta var. parviflora, C. oligosperma var. bracteata, C. oligosperma var. lucens, C. oligosperma var. unijuga, C. unijuga |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405. (1903) | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 85. (1838) |
Web links |
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