Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine macrocarpa |
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Blue Ridge bittercress |
largeseed bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. | Annuals; glabrous or sparsely puberulent. |
Rhizomes | swollen, compact at stem base, (fleshy, stolons many, slender, ca. 1 mm diam., pubescent or glabrous). |
absent. |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 1–2.5 dm, sparsely to densely hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely so or glabrous distally. |
(simple or several from base), erect or decumbent, (flexuous or straight, narrowly winged-angled), unbranched or branched distally, (1.4–)2–4.5(–5.3) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | usually simple, rarely 3-foliolate, (3–)6–16 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1.5–)4–13 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–2 cm), blade orbicular to reniform or broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–4.5 cm, base cordate, margins repand to coarsely crenate, (apiculate at vein endings, surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous). |
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Cauline leaves | 2–5, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.8–5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.5–1.5 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 12–35 mm, margins repand to coarsely crenate or slightly lobed, (apiculate at vein endings, margins glabrous). |
3–9, middle ones 5–9-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 1–3 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade often smaller, with oblique base, distal leaflets subsessile, blade smaller and narrower distally; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–0.8 cm), blade usually broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, rarely oblong, 0.7–2 cm × 2–10 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins repand, crenate, or 3-lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate, (rachis slightly to strongly flexuous or geniculate). |
Flowers | sepals (ascending) oblong, 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, linear, 6–8 × 0.7–1 mm; filaments: median pairs 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3.5–4 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, 7–20 mm. |
horizontal to divaricate or ascending, (3–)4–9(–12) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1.2–2.5 mm. |
linear, (2.5–)3–4.6 cm × 1.7–2.1 mm; ovules 14–22 per ovary; style 1–3 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 0.9–1.2 mm. |
Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine macrocarpa |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Sep. |
Habitat | Moist wooded slopes, gorges, wooded ravines, seepage places | Rock crevices and ledges, gravel bars of mountain streams, moist rocky stream banks, shaded loamy forest floors |
Elevation | 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) | |
Distribution |
GA; NC; SC; TN; WV |
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León) |
Discussion | Cardamine macrocarpa is known from the Chisos Mountains, Brewster County. The characters by which var. texana is said to differ from var. macrocarpa are artificially drawn, and the style length, presence or absence of indumentum on the pedicels, and degree of flexuosity of the raceme rachises do not correlate and can vary within a given area. For these reasons, we do not recognize infraspecific taxa in Cardamine macrocarpa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 474. | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flagellifera var. hugeri, C. hugeri | C. macrocarpa var. texana |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405. (1903) | Brandegee: Zoë 5: 233. (1906) |
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