Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine dissecta |
|
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Blue Ridge bittercress |
forkleaf toothwort |
|
Habit | Perennials; hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | swollen, compact at stem base, (fleshy, stolons many, slender, ca. 1 mm diam., pubescent or glabrous). |
(tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments oblong, 3–5 mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 1–2.5 dm, sparsely to densely hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely so or glabrous distally. |
erect, unbranched, 1–3.5 dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | usually simple, rarely 3-foliolate, (3–)6–16 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1.5–)4–13 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–2 cm), blade orbicular to reniform or broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–4.5 cm, base cordate, margins repand to coarsely crenate, (apiculate at vein endings, surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous). |
palmately compound (biternate), 7–20 cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 4–13 cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 1–3(–4) cm), blade ternately or pinnately lobed, (distal segment) linear, 0.7–3.5 cm × 0.6–3 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire (apiculate). |
Cauline leaves | 2–5, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.8–5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.5–1.5 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 12–35 mm, margins repand to coarsely crenate or slightly lobed, (apiculate at vein endings, margins glabrous). |
(2 or) 3, palmately compound (biternate, similar to rhizomal leaves, alternate to subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet (petiolule (0.3–)0.7–1.5(–2.5) cm), blade (ternate, distal segment) linear, (0.4–)1.5–5(–6.5) cm × 0.7–4(–6) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals (ascending) oblong, 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 mm. |
sepals oblong, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–15 × 2–4 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 6–7.5 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, 7–20 mm. |
ascending to divaricate, 10–25(–35) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1.2–2.5 mm. |
linear-lanceolate, 2–3.5 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7(–10) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 64, 112. |
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Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine dissecta |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Moist wooded slopes, gorges, wooded ravines, seepage places | Oak-hickory woods, moist loamy areas, floodplain woods, bluffs, rocky calcareous woods, limestone slopes, along streams |
Elevation | 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; NC; SC; TN; WV |
AL; GA; IN; KY; NC; OH; TN
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 474. | FNA vol. 7, p. 473. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flagellifera var. hugeri, C. hugeri | Dentaria dissecta, C. angustata var. multifida, C. laciniata subsp. multifida, Dentaria furcata, Dentaria heterophylla var. multifida, Dentaria laciniata var. multifida, Dentaria multifida |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405. (1903) | (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz: J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 82. (1988) |
Web links |