Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine constancei |
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Blue Ridge bittercress |
Constance's bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely pubescent or glabrous distally. | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely hirsute. |
Rhizomes | swollen, compact at stem base, (fleshy, stolons many, slender, ca. 1 mm diam., pubescent or glabrous). |
cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 1–2.5 dm, sparsely to densely hirsute or pilose proximally, sparsely so or glabrous distally. |
erect, unbranched, 1.5–5 dm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute basally. |
Rhizomal leaves | usually simple, rarely 3-foliolate, (3–)6–16 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1.5–)4–13 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–2 cm), blade orbicular to reniform or broadly ovate, (1–)1.5–4.5 cm, base cordate, margins repand to coarsely crenate, (apiculate at vein endings, surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous). |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | 2–5, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.8–5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.5–1.5 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1.5–4(–5) cm × 12–35 mm, margins repand to coarsely crenate or slightly lobed, (apiculate at vein endings, margins glabrous). |
4–7, simple, (crowded distally), petiolate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm, base not auriculate; blade usually broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, rarely obovate, 5–13 cm × 20–65 mm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate (with apiculae), or repand to undulate (margins minutely pubescent, apex acute). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals (ascending) oblong, 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 mm. |
sepals oblong, 6–8 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals pink, oblanceolate, 15–28 × 5–8 mm, (claw to 10 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8–10 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm; anthers linear, 2–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate-ascending, 7–20 mm. |
divaricate-ascending to suberect, 10–22 mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1.2–2.5 mm. |
linear, 2.5–3.5(–5) cm × 1.9–2.1 mm; ovules 12–16 per ovary; style 2–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
Cardamine flagellifera |
Cardamine constancei |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Moist wooded slopes, gorges, wooded ravines, seepage places | Moist cliffs, wooded creek bottoms, shaded draws, hillsides, moist woods, mixed coniferous forests, granitic soils |
Elevation | 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) | 400-600 m (1300-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; NC; SC; TN; WV |
ID
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Discussion | Cardamine constancei is known from Clearwater, Idaho, Kootenai, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 474. | FNA vol. 7, p. 471. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flagellifera var. hugeri, C. hugeri | |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405. (1903) | Detling: Madroño 3: 176, plate 9. (1935) |
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