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limestone bittercress, pink bitter-cress

rock toothwort, serpentine bittercress

Habit Perennials; hirsute throughout or glabrous proximally. Perennials; glabrous.
Rhizomes

(tuberous at stem base), subglobose, (lobed or not), (3–)4–10 mm diam., (fleshy).

ovoid to oblong, (3–)4–18 mm diam., (fleshy, deeply underground).

Stems

erect, unbranched, (0.7–)1–2.5(–3) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute, or glabrous basally, (trichomes (0.2–)0.3–0.6(–0.8) mm).

erect, unbranched, 1–3 dm.

Rhizomal leaves

simple, (3–)5–15(–18) cm;

petiole (2–)4–12(–16) cm;

blade often orbicular to cordate, sometimes reniform or ovate, (1–)2–6 cm × (7–)17–50 mm, base obtuse to cordate, margins repand or entire.

simple, 1.2–2.3 cm;

petiole 6.7–19.5 cm;

blade orbicular to reniform, or cordate to broadly ovate, 2.7–5.5 cm × 30–68 mm, base cordate to subtruncate, margins with obtuse teeth terminating in apiculae.

Cauline leaves

3–6(–8), simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle) shortly petiolate or (distal) sessile, base not auriculate;

blade oblong to ovate or lanceolate, 2–5 cm × 5–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or coarsely dentate.

2–5, (crowded distally), simple;

petiole 0.3–2.6 cm, base not auriculate;

blade similar to basal, 1.8–5.5 cm × 12–47mm, base cuneate or obtuse to subcordate, marginal teeth apiculate.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 2.5–4(–6) × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (surfaces often hirsute);

petals usually rose-purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, (7–)8–13(–15) × 3–5 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 4–7 mm, lateral pair 2–4 mm;

anthers oblong, 1.3–1.7 mm.

sepals oblong, 4–7 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals usually pink or purple, rarely white, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–18 × 5–7 mm, (claw to 9 mm, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 7–8 mm, lateral pair 5.5–6.5 mm;

anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–35(–50) mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous.

divaricate to ascending, 7–24 mm.

Fruits

linear, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm;

ovules 10–16 per ovary;

style 2–5 mm.

linear, 3.2–5.4 cm × 2.2–4 mm;

ovules 10–14 per ovary;

style 4–7 mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong to ovoid, 1.7–2.5 × 1–5 mm.

brown, broadly ovoid, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.5 mm.

2n

= 56, 64, 96, 112, 144.

Cardamine douglassii

Cardamine pachystigma

Phenology Flowering Mar–May. Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Rich woods, bluffs, mesic bottomland forests, rocky hillsides, floodplains, seepage of bogs, springy areas Forests, lava slides, talus, cliffs
Elevation 50-400 m (200-1300 ft) 700-2900 m (2300-9500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cardamine pachystigma is known from the disjunct counties of Plumas, Tehama, and Tulare.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 473. FNA vol. 7, p. 480.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms Arabis rhomboidea var. purpurea, Dentaria douglassii, Dracamine purpurea, Thlaspi tuberosum Dentaria californica var. pachystigma, C. californica var. pachystigma, Dentaria corymbosa var. grata, Dentaria pachystigma
Name authority Britton: Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 8. (1889) (S. Watson) Rollins: Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(4): 45. (1993)
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