Cardamine douglassii |
Cardamine occidentalis |
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limestone bittercress, pink bitter-cress |
big western bitter-cress, western bitter-cress, western toothwort |
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Habit | Perennials; hirsute throughout or glabrous proximally. | Perennials; glabrous or hirsute. |
Rhizomes | (tuberous at stem base), subglobose, (lobed or not), (3–)4–10 mm diam., (fleshy). |
(tuberiform, fragile), ovoid or globose at base of stem, 3–10 mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | erect, unbranched, (0.7–)1–2.5(–3) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute, or glabrous basally, (trichomes (0.2–)0.3–0.6(–0.8) mm). |
(simple from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, 1–5 dm, glabrous or pubescent proximally. |
Basal leaves | not rosulate, pinnately compound, (3 or) 5 (or 7)-foliolate, 2–10 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.5–6.5 cm; lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade similar to terminal, ovate, smaller, margins entire; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.03–0.18 cm), blade orbicular to broadly ovate or subcordate, 0.5–2 cm × 7–25 mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire or repand, (surfaces glabrous). |
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Rhizomal leaves | simple, (3–)5–15(–18) cm; petiole (2–)4–12(–16) cm; blade often orbicular to cordate, sometimes reniform or ovate, (1–)2–6 cm × (7–)17–50 mm, base obtuse to cordate, margins repand or entire. |
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Cauline leaves | 3–6(–8), simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle) shortly petiolate or (distal) sessile, base not auriculate; blade oblong to ovate or lanceolate, 2–5 cm × 5–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or coarsely dentate. |
3–7, (3 or) 5 or 7-foliolate (middle ones 5 or 7-foliolate, smaller distally, becoming 3-foliolate), petiolate; petiole 0.5–3 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–2.6 cm × 3–13 mm, margins shallowly toothed, entire, or repand. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4(–6) × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (surfaces often hirsute); petals usually rose-purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, (7–)8–13(–15) × 3–5 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 4–7 mm, lateral pair 2–4 mm; anthers oblong, 1.3–1.7 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1–1.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–35(–50) mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. |
divaricate-ascending, 7–18 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style 2–5 mm. |
linear, (torulose), 1.5–3.3 cm × 1.7–2.2 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 18–40 per ovary; style 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to ovoid, 1.7–2.5 × 1–5 mm. |
brown, ovoid, 1–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 56, 64, 96, 112, 144. |
= 64. |
Cardamine douglassii |
Cardamine occidentalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Rich woods, bluffs, mesic bottomland forests, rocky hillsides, floodplains, seepage of bogs, springy areas | Muddy grounds, lake margins, shallow streams, meadows |
Elevation | 50-400 m (200-1300 ft) | 150-1500 m (500-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
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AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 473. | FNA vol. 7, p. 479. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Arabis rhomboidea var. purpurea, Dentaria douglassii, Dracamine purpurea, Thlaspi tuberosum | C. pratensis var. occidentalis, C. neglecta |
Name authority | Britton: Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 8. (1889) | (S. Watson) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 50. (1897) |
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