Cardamine douglassii |
Cardamine impatiens |
|
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limestone bittercress, pink bitter-cress |
narrow-leaf bitter-cress |
|
Habit | Perennials; hirsute throughout or glabrous proximally. | Biennials or, rarely, annuals; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent basally. |
Rhizomes | (tuberous at stem base), subglobose, (lobed or not), (3–)4–10 mm diam., (fleshy). |
absent. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, (0.7–)1–2.5(–3) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute, or glabrous basally, (trichomes (0.2–)0.3–0.6(–0.8) mm). |
erect, (angled, sometimes flexuous), unbranched basally, usually branched distally, (1.2–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
Basal leaves | (often withered by flowering), rosulate, similar to cauline, with fewer distal leaflets. |
|
Rhizomal leaves | simple, (3–)5–15(–18) cm; petiole (2–)4–12(–16) cm; blade often orbicular to cordate, sometimes reniform or ovate, (1–)2–6 cm × (7–)17–50 mm, base obtuse to cordate, margins repand or entire. |
|
Cauline leaves | 3–6(–8), simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle) shortly petiolate or (distal) sessile, base not auriculate; blade oblong to ovate or lanceolate, 2–5 cm × 5–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or coarsely dentate. |
9–24, (9–)13–25-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 2–6 cm, base auriculate (auricles to 10 × 2.2 mm); lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade often smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule to 0.5 cm), blade orbicular, obovate, ovate, or lanceolate, 1–4(–5) cm × 5–17 mm, margins entire or 3–5(–9)-toothed or -lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4(–6) × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (surfaces often hirsute); petals usually rose-purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, (7–)8–13(–15) × 3–5 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 4–7 mm, lateral pair 2–4 mm; anthers oblong, 1.3–1.7 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.2–2(–2.5) × 0.7–1(–1.2) mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals (rarely absent), white, oblanceolate, 1.5–4(–5) × 0.6–1.2 mm; filaments 2–3(–4) mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–35(–50) mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. |
divaricate or ascending, 3.5–12(–15) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style 2–5 mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1–)1.6–3(–3.5) cm × 0.9–1.5 mm; (valves glabrous or, rarely, pilose); ovules 10–30 per ovary; style 0.6–1.6(–2) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to ovoid, 1.7–2.5 × 1–5 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, (compressed, sometimes narrowly winged apically). |
2n | = 56, 64, 96, 112, 144. |
= 16. |
Cardamine douglassii |
Cardamine impatiens |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Rich woods, bluffs, mesic bottomland forests, rocky hillsides, floodplains, seepage of bogs, springy areas | Streamsides, slopes, roadsides, fields, disturbed areas |
Elevation | 50-400 m (200-1300 ft) | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
|
CT; KY; MI; MN; NH; OH; PA; VA; WV; ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South Africa]
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 473. | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Arabis rhomboidea var. purpurea, Dentaria douglassii, Dracamine purpurea, Thlaspi tuberosum | C. impatiens var. angustifolia |
Name authority | Britton: Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 8. (1889) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) |
Web links |