Cardamine dissecta |
Cardamine penduliflora |
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forkleaf toothwort |
wetlands bitter-cress, Willamette Valley bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | (tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments oblong, 3–5 mm diam., (fleshy). |
(tuberiform, fragile), 4–9(–11) mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | erect, unbranched, 1–3.5 dm. |
erect or decumbent at base, unbranched, 2–6(–7.5) dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | palmately compound (biternate), 7–20 cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 4–13 cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 1–3(–4) cm), blade ternately or pinnately lobed, (distal segment) linear, 0.7–3.5 cm × 0.6–3 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire (apiculate). |
5–13-foliolate, (4–)10–18(–25) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)5–12(–17) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.4–0.7 cm), blade oblong to elliptic or ovate, (0.4–)0.7–1.7(–2) cm, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire or obscurely 3-lobed. |
Cauline leaves | (2 or) 3, palmately compound (biternate, similar to rhizomal leaves, alternate to subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet (petiolule (0.3–)0.7–1.5(–2.5) cm), blade (ternate, distal segment) linear, (0.4–)1.5–5(–6.5) cm × 0.7–4(–6) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire. |
2–6, 5–11-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 3–10 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1.5 cm), blade narrowly ovate or oblong to oblanceolate, 1.5–3.5 cm × 2–15 mm, margins entire or toothed to 3-lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–15 × 2–4 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 6–7.5 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
sepals oblong to ovate, 3.5–5 × 1.8–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals white, obovate, 12–16 × 6–8 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded or subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 6–7 mm, lateral pair 4–5 mm; anthers oblong, 1.5–1.8 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 10–25(–35) mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (10–)20–40(–60) mm. |
Fruits | linear-lanceolate, 2–3.5 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7(–10) mm. |
linear, 2.5–4.5 cm × 1.4–2 mm; ovules 12–24 per ovary; style 4–6 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.8–2 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 64, 112. |
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Cardamine dissecta |
Cardamine penduliflora |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Oak-hickory woods, moist loamy areas, floodplain woods, bluffs, rocky calcareous woods, limestone slopes, along streams | Shallow pools, wet grounds, marshes, meadows, creeks, channels, swampy woods |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 50-150 m (200-500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; IN; KY; NC; OH; TN
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OR
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Discussion | Cardamine penduliflora is known from Douglas County north into Benton, Lane, Marion, Polk, and Yamhill counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 473. | FNA vol. 7, p. 481. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria dissecta, C. angustata var. multifida, C. laciniata subsp. multifida, Dentaria furcata, Dentaria heterophylla var. multifida, Dentaria laciniata var. multifida, Dentaria multifida | C. rariflora |
Name authority | (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz: J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 82. (1988) | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 538. (1903) |
Web links |