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forkleaf toothwort

Habit Perennials; glabrous throughout. Annuals, biennials, or perennials; eglandular.
Rhizomes

(tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments oblong, 3–5 mm diam., (fleshy).

Stems

erect, unbranched, 1–3.5 dm.

Rhizomal leaves

palmately compound (biternate), 7–20 cm, leaflets petiolulate;

petiole 4–13 cm;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 1–3(–4) cm), blade ternately or pinnately lobed, (distal segment) linear, 0.7–3.5 cm × 0.6–3 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire (apiculate).

Cauline leaves

(2 or) 3, palmately compound (biternate, similar to rhizomal leaves, alternate to subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate;

petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5.5) cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal;

terminal leaflet (petiolule (0.3–)0.7–1.5(–2.5) cm), blade (ternate, distal segment) linear, (0.4–)1.5–5(–6.5) cm × 0.7–4(–6) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire.

(rarely absent), usually petiolate, sometimes sessile;

blade (simple or compound), base auriculate or not, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed.

Trichomes

absent or simple.

Racemes

ebracteate.

usually ebracteate (Selenia bracteate throughout), often elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–15 × 2–4 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 6–7.5 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm;

anthers linear, 1.5–2.5 mm.

actinomorphic;

sepals erect to spreading or ascending, lateral pair seldom saccate basally;

petals white, yellow, pink, lilac, or purple, claw usually present, rarely absent, often distinct;

filaments unappendaged, not winged;

pollen 3-colpate.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to divaricate, 10–25(–35) mm.

Fruits

linear-lanceolate, 2–3.5 cm × 1.5–2 mm;

ovules 10–14 per ovary;

style 4–7(–10) mm.

silicles or siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, terete, 4-angled, or latiseptate, rarely angustiseptate;

ovules 4–300[–numerous] per ovary;

style distinct or obsolete (absent in Subularia);

stigma usually entire.

Seeds

brown, oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm.

biseriate or uniseriate;

cotyledons usually accumbent, sometimes incumbent.

2n

= 64, 112.

Cardamine dissecta

Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae

Phenology Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Oak-hickory woods, moist loamy areas, floodplain woods, bluffs, rocky calcareous woods, limestone slopes, along streams
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; GA; IN; KY; NC; OH; TN
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Nearly worldwide
Discussion

Genera 12, species ca. 335 (10 genera, 85 species in the flora).

The assignment of Subularia to Cardamineae is provisional and based solely on morphology.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 473. FNA vol. 7, p. 458.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms Dentaria dissecta, C. angustata var. multifida, C. laciniata subsp. multifida, Dentaria furcata, Dentaria heterophylla var. multifida, Dentaria laciniata var. multifida, Dentaria multifida
Name authority (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz: J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 82. (1988) Dumortier: Fl. Belg., 124. (1827)
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