Cardamine digitata |
Cardamine hirsuta |
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Richardson's bittercress |
hairy bitter-cress, shotweed |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Annuals; sparsely hirsute basally (at least on petiole of basal leaves), often glabrous distally. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm diam. |
absent. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, (0.6–)1–2(–3) dm. |
erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.3–)1–3.5(–4.5) dm, (not flexuous). |
Basal leaves | (persistent to anthesis), rosulate, (5–)8–15(–22)-foliolate, (2–)3.5–15(–17) cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 0.5–5 cm, (ciliate); lateral leaflet blade oblong, ovate, obovate, or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins entire, repand, crenate, or 3-lobed; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–1 cm), blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–2 cm × 6–30 mm, margins entire, repand, dentate, or 3 or 5-lobed. |
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Rhizomal leaves | pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, (2–)4–10 cm, (not fleshy), leaflets sessile; petiole (1.5–)3–7(–9) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet blade linear to narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, (0.5–)1–2.5(–3.3) cm × 0.5–4(–8) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire. |
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Cauline leaves | (1 or) 2 or 3, 5 or 7-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets sessile; petiole (0.2–)0.5–1.2(–1.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade smaller; terminal leaflet blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, 1–3.2(–4) cm × 0.8–2.5(–3.5) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire (apex acute to acuminate). |
1–4(–6), compound as basal, petiolate, [(0.5–)1.2–5.5(–7) cm, including petiole], leaflets petiolulate; blade base not auriculate; leaflets similar to basal. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, obovate, 5–9 × 2.5–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–2.5 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate; petals (sometimes absent) white, spatulate, 2.5–4.5(–5) × 0.5–1.1 mm; (stamens usually 4, lateral pair often absent, rarely 5 or 6); filaments 1.8–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | suberect to divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–25 mm. |
erect to ascending, (2–)3–10(–14) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 6–12 per ovary; style (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) mm. |
linear, (torulose), (0.9–)1.5–2.5(–2.8) cm × (0.8–)1–1.4 mm, (often appressed to rachis); ovules 14–40 per ovary; style 0.1–0.6(–1) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.8–2.2 × 0.9–1.1 mm. |
light brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9–1.3(–1.5) × 0.6–0.9(–1.1) mm, (narrowly margined). |
2n | = 28, 42. |
= 16. |
Cardamine digitata |
Cardamine hirsuta |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Feb–Jul. |
Habitat | Damp flats, stream banks, tundra, meadows, bluffs, hummocks, sandy beaches, slopes, mossy mats, sedge swales | Roadsides, clearings, disturbed sites, slopes, cedar glades, mixed woods, meadows, fields, waste grounds, damp places, grassy areas |
Elevation | 0-1400 m (0-4600 ft) | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; ne Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; ON; w Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, e Asia (Japan), South Africa, Australia]
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Discussion | Herbarium specimens of Cardamine hirsuta have been misidentified as C. oligosperma. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 472. | FNA vol. 7, p. 475. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. digitata var. oxyphylla, C. hyperborea, C. hyperborea var. oxyphylla, C. richardsonii | |
Name authority | Richardson: in J. Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 743. (1823) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) |
Web links |
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