Cardamine cordifolia |
Cardamine longii |
|
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heart-leaf bitter-cress, large mountain bitter-cress, Lyall's bitter-cress |
long's bitter-cress |
|
Habit | Perennials; glabrous or densely puberulent. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender or stout, 1.5–3 mm diam., (not fleshy). |
cylindrical, slender, 0.8–1.5 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched distally, 2–7(–10.2) dm, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent basally or throughout. |
prostrate to decumbent or erect, unbranched or branched, 0.5–4(–6) dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | usually absent, rarely present, simple, 5–15 cm; petiole 2.5–12 cm; blade reniform to cordate, 1.5–4.5(–6) cm. |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | (3–)5–17(–23), simple or, rarely, proximalmost 3-foliolate, petiolate; petiole 1–6.5(–8.5) cm, base not auriculate; blade reniform, deltate-cordate, or ovate-cordate, (1–)2–7.2(–9.7) cm × 10–55(–85) mm, (somewhat fleshy), base cordate or truncate, margins crenate to slightly sinuate, (veins ending in apiculae, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent). |
3–10, usually simple, rarely 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate; petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.4–2.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets (when present) sessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade similar to terminal, considerably smaller; terminal leaflet blade orbicular to reniform or ovate to oblong, 0.4–3 cm × 3–20 mm, (somewhat fleshy), base subcordate to rounded or subtruncate, margins entire or repand, rarely undulate, (apex rounded). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, broadly obovate, 7–12 × 4–6 mm (claw to 6 mm, apex rounded to subtruncate or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
sepals ovate, 0.7–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals absent or rudimentary, to 0.7 mm; filaments 0.5–0.8 mm; anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, (7–)10–20 mm. |
divaricate-ascending to spreading, 0.5–2(–4) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (2–)2.5–3.7(–4) cm × 1.2–2 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely puberulent); ovules 14–24 per ovary; style 0.5–3(–6) mm. |
narrowly oblong to linear, (3–)5–10(–15) × 0.8–1.2 mm; ovules 6–22 per ovary; style 0.2–0.5(–1) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.6–2 × 1–1.3 mm. |
light or yellowish brown, oblong or ovoid, 1–1.4 × 0.7–1 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Cardamine cordifolia |
Cardamine longii |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Stream banks, springs, shady gullies, creek bottoms, lakeshores, ponds, cold springs, meadows, moist hillsides, mossy areas, alpine streams, mixed coniferous forests | Tidal marshes, mud flats, tidal shores of rivers, shallow water, swampy areas, shady rocky crevices covered at high tide |
Elevation | 600-3600 m (2000-11800 ft) | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
|
FL; MA; MD; ME; NC; NJ; NY; SC; VA |
Discussion | Cardamine cordifolia is highly variable in leaf morphology, especially in leaf width, depth of the cordate base, and indumentum. This variation occurs throughout the species range and is rather weakly or not at all correlated with geography. In the absence of a detailed biosystematic study over the entire species range, we follow N. H. Holmgren (2005b) in not recognizing any infraspecific taxa, instead of accepting the three rather poorly defined varieties recognized by R. C. Rollins (1993). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 471. | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. cordifolia var. cardiophylla, C. cordifolia var. diversifolia, C. cordifolia var. incana, C. cordifolia subsp. lyallii, C. cordifolia var. lyallii, C. cordifolia var. pubescens, C. incana, C. infausta, C. lyallii, C. uintahensis | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s., 4: 8. (1849) | Fernald: Rhodora 19: 91. (1917) |
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