Cardamine cordifolia |
Cardamine constancei |
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heart-leaf bitter-cress, large mountain bitter-cress, Lyall's bitter-cress |
Constance's bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous or densely puberulent. | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely hirsute. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender or stout, 1.5–3 mm diam., (not fleshy). |
cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched distally, 2–7(–10.2) dm, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent basally or throughout. |
erect, unbranched, 1.5–5 dm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute basally. |
Rhizomal leaves | usually absent, rarely present, simple, 5–15 cm; petiole 2.5–12 cm; blade reniform to cordate, 1.5–4.5(–6) cm. |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | (3–)5–17(–23), simple or, rarely, proximalmost 3-foliolate, petiolate; petiole 1–6.5(–8.5) cm, base not auriculate; blade reniform, deltate-cordate, or ovate-cordate, (1–)2–7.2(–9.7) cm × 10–55(–85) mm, (somewhat fleshy), base cordate or truncate, margins crenate to slightly sinuate, (veins ending in apiculae, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent). |
4–7, simple, (crowded distally), petiolate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm, base not auriculate; blade usually broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, rarely obovate, 5–13 cm × 20–65 mm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate (with apiculae), or repand to undulate (margins minutely pubescent, apex acute). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, broadly obovate, 7–12 × 4–6 mm (claw to 6 mm, apex rounded to subtruncate or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–5 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 6–8 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals pink, oblanceolate, 15–28 × 5–8 mm, (claw to 10 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8–10 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm; anthers linear, 2–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, (7–)10–20 mm. |
divaricate-ascending to suberect, 10–22 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (2–)2.5–3.7(–4) cm × 1.2–2 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely puberulent); ovules 14–24 per ovary; style 0.5–3(–6) mm. |
linear, 2.5–3.5(–5) cm × 1.9–2.1 mm; ovules 12–16 per ovary; style 2–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.6–2 × 1–1.3 mm. |
brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
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Cardamine cordifolia |
Cardamine constancei |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Stream banks, springs, shady gullies, creek bottoms, lakeshores, ponds, cold springs, meadows, moist hillsides, mossy areas, alpine streams, mixed coniferous forests | Moist cliffs, wooded creek bottoms, shaded draws, hillsides, moist woods, mixed coniferous forests, granitic soils |
Elevation | 600-3600 m (2000-11800 ft) | 400-600 m (1300-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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ID
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Discussion | Cardamine cordifolia is highly variable in leaf morphology, especially in leaf width, depth of the cordate base, and indumentum. This variation occurs throughout the species range and is rather weakly or not at all correlated with geography. In the absence of a detailed biosystematic study over the entire species range, we follow N. H. Holmgren (2005b) in not recognizing any infraspecific taxa, instead of accepting the three rather poorly defined varieties recognized by R. C. Rollins (1993). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cardamine constancei is known from Clearwater, Idaho, Kootenai, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 471. | FNA vol. 7, p. 471. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. cordifolia var. cardiophylla, C. cordifolia var. diversifolia, C. cordifolia var. incana, C. cordifolia subsp. lyallii, C. cordifolia var. lyallii, C. cordifolia var. pubescens, C. incana, C. infausta, C. lyallii, C. uintahensis | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s., 4: 8. (1849) | Detling: Madroño 3: 176, plate 9. (1935) |
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