Cardamine constancei |
Cardamine blaisdellii |
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Constance's bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely hirsute. | Perennials; usually glabrous throughout, rarely pilose. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, 1.5–5 dm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute basally. |
erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.5–2(–2.5) dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | absent. |
pinnately 5- or 7-foliolate, 2.5–12 cm (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate; petiole 1.5–4(–9) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, or smaller and margins usually toothed, rarely entire; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.3 cm) blade suborbicular to broadly obovate, 0.4–1.5 cm × 2.5–14 mm, base obtuse to subcordate, margins 3–5-toothed, (apiculate). |
Cauline leaves | 4–7, simple, (crowded distally), petiolate; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm, base not auriculate; blade usually broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, rarely obovate, 5–13 cm × 20–65 mm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate (with apiculae), or repand to undulate (margins minutely pubescent, apex acute). |
1–3, (3–)5-foliolate (alternate), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.2–2(–6.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm × 3–10 mm, base cuneate, margins 3-toothed or entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 6–8 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals pink, oblanceolate, 15–28 × 5–8 mm, (claw to 10 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8–10 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm; anthers linear, 2–3 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending to suberect, 10–22 mm. |
erect to ascending, 0.7–22 mm. |
Fruits | linear, 2.5–3.5(–5) cm × 1.9–2.1 mm; ovules 12–16 per ovary; style 2–3.5 mm. |
linear, 1.6–4 cm × 1–1.3 mm; ovules 14–24 per ovary; style 0.7–3 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm. |
2n | = 28, 42. |
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Cardamine constancei |
Cardamine blaisdellii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Moist cliffs, wooded creek bottoms, shaded draws, hillsides, moist woods, mixed coniferous forests, granitic soils | Moist streamsides, meadows, river gravel, mesic grounds, wet tundra, moist humus, scree slopes, calcareous fellfields |
Elevation | 400-600 m (1300-2000 ft) | 50-1000 m (200-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
ID
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AK; n Europe; e Europe (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
Discussion | Cardamine constancei is known from Clearwater, Idaho, Kootenai, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cardamine blaisdellii was treated by R. C. Rollins (1993) as a synonym of C. microphylla, but the morphological differences (see key) and molecular data (R. B. Jørgensen et al., 2008) clearly demonstrate that they are distinct. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 471. | FNA vol. 7, p. 468. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. microphylla subsp. blaisdellii, C. microphylla var. blaisdellii | |
Name authority | Detling: Madroño 3: 176, plate 9. (1935) | Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 33: 146. (1902) |
Web links |