Cardamine concatenata |
Cardamine angulata |
|
---|---|---|
cut-leaf toothwort |
angle bitter-cress, angle-leaf bitter-cress, seaside bitter-cress |
|
Habit | Perennials; usually sparsely pubescent, sometimes glabrous. | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Rhizomes | (tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments fusiform, 2–10(–20) mm diam. (fleshy). |
cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, (1–)2–4(–5.5) dm, glabrous or pubescent distally. |
erect, unbranched, (1.5–)2.5–8.5(–10) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute at base. |
Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, (7–)10–20(–30) cm, leaflets sessile; petiole (4–)7–18(–25) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet blade oblong, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear, 2.5–6 cm, base cuneate, margins coarsely dentate to incised, laciniate, or 3-lobed (lobes usually toothed to incised, rarely entire, surfaces puberulent or not, trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm). |
3 (or 5)-foliolate, (4–)7–20(–22) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (2–)4–12(–14) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, larger or smaller in size; terminal leaflet petiolulate [(0.3–)0.5–1.5 cm], blade ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1.5–7(–9) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subreniform or obtuse, margins 3–5(–7)-lobed or -toothed, surfaces puberulent. |
Cauline leaves | (2 or) 3, 3-foliolate (usually whorled or opposite, rarely alternate, similar in morphology to rhizomal leaves), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)1.5–6(–7.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 3 cm), blade lanceolate, linear, or oblanceolate, (3–)4–10(–12) cm × (3–)5–20(–25) mm, margins usually coarsely dentate to incised, rarely subentire (margins minutely puberulent). |
(3 or) 4–8, 3 (or 5)-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 1–4 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 2–7 cm × 6–40 mm, margins minutely pubescent. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, (4–)5–8 × 2–4 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, (8–)10–20 × (3–)4–7(–9) mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8–12 mm, lateral pair 6–8 mm; anthers oblong-linear, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely pinkish, obovate, 8–15 × 4–8 mm (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–6 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, (6–)10–27(–33) mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (9–)12–25 mm. |
Fruits | linear-lanceolate, (2–)2.5–3.8(–4.8) cm × 1.5–3 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 10–14 per ovary; style (2–)5–9(–12) mm. |
linear, 1.5–3.2 cm × 1.4–2 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style (0.5–)1–4 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.6–3 × 1.8–2 mm. |
dark brown, oblong, 1.8–2.3 × 1–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 128–256. |
= 40. |
Cardamine concatenata |
Cardamine angulata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Wooded bottoms and bluffs, rich woods, limestone cliffs and outcrops, rocky banks, mesic forests, moist areas with leaf litter, floodplain woods | Moist ground, stream banks, swampy or damp woods, thickets, wet meadows |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
|
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 470. | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria concatenata, C. laciniata var. integra, C. laciniata var. lasiocarpa, Dentaria laciniata, Dentaria laciniata var. alterna, Dentaria laciniata var. coalescens, Dentaria laciniata var. integra, Dentaria laciniata var. latifolia, Dentaria laciniata var. opposita | C. angulata var. alba, C. angulata var. hirsuta, C. angulata var. pentaphylla, Dentaria grandiflora |
Name authority | (Michaux) O. Schwarz: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 188. (1939) | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 44. (1829) |
Web links |
|