Cardamine concatenata |
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cut-leaf toothwort |
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Habit | Perennials; usually sparsely pubescent, sometimes glabrous. |
Rhizomes | (tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments fusiform, 2–10(–20) mm diam. (fleshy). |
Stems | erect, unbranched, (1–)2–4(–5.5) dm, glabrous or pubescent distally. |
Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, (7–)10–20(–30) cm, leaflets sessile; petiole (4–)7–18(–25) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet blade oblong, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear, 2.5–6 cm, base cuneate, margins coarsely dentate to incised, laciniate, or 3-lobed (lobes usually toothed to incised, rarely entire, surfaces puberulent or not, trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm). |
Cauline leaves | (2 or) 3, 3-foliolate (usually whorled or opposite, rarely alternate, similar in morphology to rhizomal leaves), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)1.5–6(–7.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 3 cm), blade lanceolate, linear, or oblanceolate, (3–)4–10(–12) cm × (3–)5–20(–25) mm, margins usually coarsely dentate to incised, rarely subentire (margins minutely puberulent). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, (4–)5–8 × 2–4 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, (8–)10–20 × (3–)4–7(–9) mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8–12 mm, lateral pair 6–8 mm; anthers oblong-linear, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, (6–)10–27(–33) mm. |
Fruits | linear-lanceolate, (2–)2.5–3.8(–4.8) cm × 1.5–3 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 10–14 per ovary; style (2–)5–9(–12) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.6–3 × 1.8–2 mm. |
2n | = 128–256. |
Cardamine concatenata |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–May. |
Habitat | Wooded bottoms and bluffs, rich woods, limestone cliffs and outcrops, rocky banks, mesic forests, moist areas with leaf litter, floodplain woods |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 470. |
Parent taxa | |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | Dentaria concatenata, C. laciniata var. integra, C. laciniata var. lasiocarpa, Dentaria laciniata, Dentaria laciniata var. alterna, Dentaria laciniata var. coalescens, Dentaria laciniata var. integra, Dentaria laciniata var. latifolia, Dentaria laciniata var. opposita |
Name authority | (Michaux) O. Schwarz: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 188. (1939) |
Web links |