Cardamine clematitis |
Cardamine penduliflora |
|
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small mountain bittercress |
wetlands bitter-cress, Willamette Valley bitter-cress |
|
Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 1–3 mm diam. |
(tuberiform, fragile), 4–9(–11) mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | erect, unbranched or rarely branched distally, (0.8–)1–2.5(–3.5) dm. |
erect or decumbent at base, unbranched, 2–6(–7.5) dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | simple or 3-foliolate, (1.5–)3–8 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)2–6 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (to 1 cm), blade reniform to cordate, (0.5–)1–2 cm, base cordate, margins entire or 3-lobed. |
5–13-foliolate, (4–)10–18(–25) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)5–12(–17) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.4–0.7 cm), blade oblong to elliptic or ovate, (0.4–)0.7–1.7(–2) cm, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire or obscurely 3-lobed. |
Cauline leaves | 3–7, 3-foliolate (or distalmost simple), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.7–3.5 cm, base auriculate (auricle 0.7–5 mm); lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade oblong to ovate or oblong; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular or reniform, 1.5–4 cm × 15–35 mm, margins often 3 or 5-lobed (lobe apex minutely apiculate, glabrous on margin). |
2–6, 5–11-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 3–10 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1.5 cm), blade narrowly ovate or oblong to oblanceolate, 1.5–3.5 cm × 2–15 mm, margins entire or toothed to 3-lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 6–8 × 2–3 mm (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, ca. 0.7 mm. |
sepals oblong to ovate, 3.5–5 × 1.8–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals white, obovate, 12–16 × 6–8 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded or subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 6–7 mm, lateral pair 4–5 mm; anthers oblong, 1.5–1.8 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–17 mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (10–)20–40(–60) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (1.5–)2–3.5(–4) cm × 1.3–1.7 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style 2–4 mm. |
linear, 2.5–4.5 cm × 1.4–2 mm; ovules 12–24 per ovary; style 4–6 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.8–2 × 1–1.5 mm. |
Cardamine clematitis |
Cardamine penduliflora |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Wet areas, springs, moist slopes | Shallow pools, wet grounds, marshes, meadows, creeks, channels, swampy woods |
Elevation | 1300-1800 m (4300-5900 ft) | 50-150 m (200-500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; TN; VA |
OR
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Discussion | Cardamine penduliflora is known from Douglas County north into Benton, Lane, Marion, Polk, and Yamhill counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 470. | FNA vol. 7, p. 481. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. rariflora | |
Name authority | Shuttleworth ex A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 45. (1880) | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 538. (1903) |
Web links |