Cardamine clematitis |
Cardamine pachystigma |
|
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small mountain bittercress |
rock toothwort, serpentine bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; glabrous. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 1–3 mm diam. |
ovoid to oblong, (3–)4–18 mm diam., (fleshy, deeply underground). |
Stems | erect, unbranched or rarely branched distally, (0.8–)1–2.5(–3.5) dm. |
erect, unbranched, 1–3 dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | simple or 3-foliolate, (1.5–)3–8 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)2–6 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (to 1 cm), blade reniform to cordate, (0.5–)1–2 cm, base cordate, margins entire or 3-lobed. |
simple, 1.2–2.3 cm; petiole 6.7–19.5 cm; blade orbicular to reniform, or cordate to broadly ovate, 2.7–5.5 cm × 30–68 mm, base cordate to subtruncate, margins with obtuse teeth terminating in apiculae. |
Cauline leaves | 3–7, 3-foliolate (or distalmost simple), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.7–3.5 cm, base auriculate (auricle 0.7–5 mm); lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade oblong to ovate or oblong; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular or reniform, 1.5–4 cm × 15–35 mm, margins often 3 or 5-lobed (lobe apex minutely apiculate, glabrous on margin). |
2–5, (crowded distally), simple; petiole 0.3–2.6 cm, base not auriculate; blade similar to basal, 1.8–5.5 cm × 12–47mm, base cuneate or obtuse to subcordate, marginal teeth apiculate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 6–8 × 2–3 mm (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, ca. 0.7 mm. |
sepals oblong, 4–7 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually pink or purple, rarely white, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–18 × 5–7 mm, (claw to 9 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 7–8 mm, lateral pair 5.5–6.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–17 mm. |
divaricate to ascending, 7–24 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (1.5–)2–3.5(–4) cm × 1.3–1.7 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style 2–4 mm. |
linear, 3.2–5.4 cm × 2.2–4 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm. |
brown, broadly ovoid, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.5 mm. |
Cardamine clematitis |
Cardamine pachystigma |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Wet areas, springs, moist slopes | Forests, lava slides, talus, cliffs |
Elevation | 1300-1800 m (4300-5900 ft) | 700-2900 m (2300-9500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; TN; VA |
CA
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Discussion | Cardamine pachystigma is known from the disjunct counties of Plumas, Tehama, and Tulare. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 470. | FNA vol. 7, p. 480. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria californica var. pachystigma, C. californica var. pachystigma, Dentaria corymbosa var. grata, Dentaria pachystigma | |
Name authority | Shuttleworth ex A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 45. (1880) | (S. Watson) Rollins: Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(4): 45. (1993) |
Web links |