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small mountain bittercress

streambank bittercress

Habit Perennials; glabrous throughout. Perennials; glabrous throughout.
Rhizomes

cylindrical, slender, 1–3 mm diam.

(relatively short), 2–3 mm diam., (covered with extensive root system).

Stems

erect, unbranched or rarely branched distally, (0.8–)1–2.5(–3.5) dm.

erect to ascending, unbranched or branched distally, 0.9–4 dm.

Rhizomal leaves

simple or 3-foliolate, (1.5–)3–8 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole (1–)2–6 cm;

lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, much smaller;

terminal leaflet petiolulate (to 1 cm), blade reniform to cordate, (0.5–)1–2 cm, base cordate, margins entire or 3-lobed.

usually 3-foliolate, rarely simple, 1–8 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 0.5–5 cm;

lateral leaflets subsessile, often minute;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.4–2 cm), blade orbicular to broadly ovate, 0.5–3 cm × 5–25 mm, base rounded, margins entire, repand, or dentate.

Cauline leaves

3–7, 3-foliolate (or distalmost simple), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole 0.7–3.5 cm, base auriculate (auricle 0.7–5 mm);

lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade oblong to ovate or oblong;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular or reniform, 1.5–4 cm × 15–35 mm, margins often 3 or 5-lobed (lobe apex minutely apiculate, glabrous on margin).

5–10, petiolate;

middle leaves often simple, petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, blade rhombic to suborbicular or ovate, 1–3.5 cm × 6–22 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, margins entire, repand, or dentate;

distal ones with shorter petiole, blade smaller.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white, oblanceolate, 6–8 × 2–3 mm (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate);

filaments: median pairs 3.5–4 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm;

anthers ovate, ca. 0.7 mm.

sepals (ascending), oblong, 1.5–2.2 × 0.7–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals (somewhat spreading), white, oblanceolate, 3.5–5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 2.5–3 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm;

anthers ovate, ca. 0.2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–17 mm.

divaricate, 9–17 mm.

Fruits

linear, (1.5–)2–3.5(–4) cm × 1.3–1.7 mm;

ovules 10–16 per ovary;

style 2–4 mm.

linear, 0.8–1.6 cm × 0.8–1 mm;

ovules 16–22 per ovary;

style 1.2–1.8 mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm.

brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm.

Cardamine clematitis

Cardamine micranthera

Phenology Flowering May–Jun. Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Wet areas, springs, moist slopes Wet grounds along streams, seepage, gravelly sandbars, moist crevices
Elevation 1300-1800 m (4300-5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; TN; VA
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Cardamine micranthera is known only from Stokes County. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 470. FNA vol. 7, p. 477.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Name authority Shuttleworth ex A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 45. (1880) Rollins: Castanea 5: 87. (1940)
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