Cardamine clematitis |
Cardamine blaisdellii |
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small mountain bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous throughout. | Perennials; usually glabrous throughout, rarely pilose. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 1–3 mm diam. |
cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or rarely branched distally, (0.8–)1–2.5(–3.5) dm. |
erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.5–2(–2.5) dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | simple or 3-foliolate, (1.5–)3–8 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)2–6 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, much smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate (to 1 cm), blade reniform to cordate, (0.5–)1–2 cm, base cordate, margins entire or 3-lobed. |
pinnately 5- or 7-foliolate, 2.5–12 cm (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate; petiole 1.5–4(–9) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, or smaller and margins usually toothed, rarely entire; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.3 cm) blade suborbicular to broadly obovate, 0.4–1.5 cm × 2.5–14 mm, base obtuse to subcordate, margins 3–5-toothed, (apiculate). |
Cauline leaves | 3–7, 3-foliolate (or distalmost simple), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.7–3.5 cm, base auriculate (auricle 0.7–5 mm); lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate (to 0.5 cm), blade oblong to ovate or oblong; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1 cm), blade broadly ovate to suborbicular or reniform, 1.5–4 cm × 15–35 mm, margins often 3 or 5-lobed (lobe apex minutely apiculate, glabrous on margin). |
1–3, (3–)5-foliolate (alternate), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.2–2(–6.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm × 3–10 mm, base cuneate, margins 3-toothed or entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 6–8 × 2–3 mm (not clawed, apex obtuse to subemarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, ca. 0.7 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–17 mm. |
erect to ascending, 0.7–22 mm. |
Fruits | linear, (1.5–)2–3.5(–4) cm × 1.3–1.7 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style 2–4 mm. |
linear, 1.6–4 cm × 1–1.3 mm; ovules 14–24 per ovary; style 0.7–3 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm. |
brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm. |
2n | = 28, 42. |
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Cardamine clematitis |
Cardamine blaisdellii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Wet areas, springs, moist slopes | Moist streamsides, meadows, river gravel, mesic grounds, wet tundra, moist humus, scree slopes, calcareous fellfields |
Elevation | 1300-1800 m (4300-5900 ft) | 50-1000 m (200-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; TN; VA |
AK; n Europe; e Europe (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
Discussion | Cardamine blaisdellii was treated by R. C. Rollins (1993) as a synonym of C. microphylla, but the morphological differences (see key) and molecular data (R. B. Jørgensen et al., 2008) clearly demonstrate that they are distinct. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 470. | FNA vol. 7, p. 468. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. microphylla subsp. blaisdellii, C. microphylla var. blaisdellii | |
Name authority | Shuttleworth ex A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 45. (1880) | Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 33: 146. (1902) |
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