Cardamine bulbosa |
Cardamine impatiens |
|
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bulb bittercress, bulbous bitter-cress, spring cress |
narrow-leaf bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent distally. | Biennials or, rarely, annuals; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent basally. |
Rhizomes | (tuberous at stem base, sometimes also at intervals) subglobose, lobed, 4–15 mm diam. (fleshy). |
absent. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, (1–)2–6 dm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on distal 1/2 (trichomes 0.02–0.1 mm). |
erect, (angled, sometimes flexuous), unbranched basally, usually branched distally, (1.2–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
Basal leaves | (often withered by flowering), rosulate, similar to cauline, with fewer distal leaflets. |
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Rhizomal leaves | simple, (2–)4–13(–16) cm; petiole (1.5–)2.5–10(–13) cm; blade usually reniform to cordate or ovate, rarely oblong, (1–)2–4(–6) cm, base obtuse to cordate, margins usually repand or entire, rarely shallowly dentate. |
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Cauline leaves | (2–)4–10(–14), simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle ones) shortly petiolate or (distally) sessile, base not auriculate; blade ovate to oblong, or oblong-linear to lanceolate, 3–6(–9) cm × 10–30(–45) mm, margins entire, repand, or dentate (margins minutely pubescent). |
9–24, (9–)13–25-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 2–6 cm, base auriculate (auricles to 10 × 2.2 mm); lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade often smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule to 0.5 cm), blade orbicular, obovate, ovate, or lanceolate, 1–4(–5) cm × 5–17 mm, margins entire or 3–5(–9)-toothed or -lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (glabrous); petals usually white, rarely pale pink, obovate, (6–)7–12(–16) × 3–5 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 4.5–7 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.2–2(–2.5) × 0.7–1(–1.2) mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals (rarely absent), white, oblanceolate, 1.5–4(–5) × 0.6–1.2 mm; filaments 2–3(–4) mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–22(–30) mm. |
divaricate or ascending, 3.5–12(–15) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 2–3.5(–4) cm × 1.4–1.7 mm; ovules 14–24 per ovary; style 2–4(–5) mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1–)1.6–3(–3.5) cm × 0.9–1.5 mm; (valves glabrous or, rarely, pilose); ovules 10–30 per ovary; style 0.6–1.6(–2) mm. |
Seeds | dark orange to greenish yellow, oblong or globose, 1.7–2.1 × 1–1.4 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, (compressed, sometimes narrowly winged apically). |
2n | = 16, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112. |
= 16. |
Cardamine bulbosa |
Cardamine impatiens |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Wet grounds, low woodland, moss hummocks, alluvial woods, grassy floodplains, wet pastures, meadows, pinelands, creek bottoms, stream banks, sandy bottoms, ditches, mesic or wet forests, swamps, marshes, seepy bluffs | Streamsides, slopes, roadsides, fields, disturbed areas |
Elevation | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
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CT; KY; MI; MN; NH; OH; PA; VA; WV; ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South Africa]
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 469. | FNA vol. 7, p. 476. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Arabis bulbosa, Arabis rhomboidea, C. rhomboidea, C. rhomboidea var. hirsuta, C. rhomboidea var. parviflora, C. rhomboidea var. pilosa, Dentaria rhomboidea, Dracamine bulbosa | C. impatiens var. angustifolia |
Name authority | (Schreber ex Muhlenberg) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 4. (1888) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753) |
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