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bulb bittercress, bulbous bitter-cress, spring cress

hairy bitter-cress, shotweed

Habit Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent distally. Annuals; sparsely hirsute basally (at least on petiole of basal leaves), often glabrous distally.
Rhizomes

(tuberous at stem base, sometimes also at intervals) subglobose, lobed, 4–15 mm diam. (fleshy).

absent.

Stems

erect, unbranched, (1–)2–6 dm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on distal 1/2 (trichomes 0.02–0.1 mm).

erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.3–)1–3.5(–4.5) dm, (not flexuous).

Basal leaves

(persistent to anthesis), rosulate, (5–)8–15(–22)-foliolate, (2–)3.5–15(–17) cm, leaflets petiolulate;

petiole 0.5–5 cm, (ciliate);

lateral leaflet blade oblong, ovate, obovate, or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins entire, repand, crenate, or 3-lobed;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–1 cm), blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4–2 cm × 6–30 mm, margins entire, repand, dentate, or 3 or 5-lobed.

Rhizomal leaves

simple, (2–)4–13(–16) cm;

petiole (1.5–)2.5–10(–13) cm;

blade usually reniform to cordate or ovate, rarely oblong, (1–)2–4(–6) cm, base obtuse to cordate, margins usually repand or entire, rarely shallowly dentate.

Cauline leaves

(2–)4–10(–14), simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle ones) shortly petiolate or (distally) sessile, base not auriculate;

blade ovate to oblong, or oblong-linear to lanceolate, 3–6(–9) cm × 10–30(–45) mm, margins entire, repand, or dentate (margins minutely pubescent).

1–4(–6), compound as basal, petiolate, [(0.5–)1.2–5.5(–7) cm, including petiole], leaflets petiolulate;

blade base not auriculate;

leaflets similar to basal.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (glabrous);

petals usually white, rarely pale pink, obovate, (6–)7–12(–16) × 3–5 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 4.5–7 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm.

sepals oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate;

petals (sometimes absent) white, spatulate, 2.5–4.5(–5) × 0.5–1.1 mm; (stamens usually 4, lateral pair often absent, rarely 5 or 6);

filaments 1.8–3 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–22(–30) mm.

erect to ascending, (2–)3–10(–14) mm.

Fruits

linear, 2–3.5(–4) cm × 1.4–1.7 mm;

ovules 14–24 per ovary;

style 2–4(–5) mm.

linear, (torulose), (0.9–)1.5–2.5(–2.8) cm × (0.8–)1–1.4 mm, (often appressed to rachis);

ovules 14–40 per ovary;

style 0.1–0.6(–1) mm.

Seeds

dark orange to greenish yellow, oblong or globose, 1.7–2.1 × 1–1.4 mm.

light brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9–1.3(–1.5) × 0.6–0.9(–1.1) mm, (narrowly margined).

2n

= 16, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112.

= 16.

Cardamine bulbosa

Cardamine hirsuta

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jun. Flowering Feb–Jul.
Habitat Wet grounds, low woodland, moss hummocks, alluvial woods, grassy floodplains, wet pastures, meadows, pinelands, creek bottoms, stream banks, sandy bottoms, ditches, mesic or wet forests, swamps, marshes, seepy bluffs Roadsides, clearings, disturbed sites, slopes, cedar glades, mixed woods, meadows, fields, waste grounds, damp places, grassy areas
Elevation 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) 0-700 m (0-2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; ON; w Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, e Asia (Japan), South Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Herbarium specimens of Cardamine hirsuta have been misidentified as C. oligosperma.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 469. FNA vol. 7, p. 475.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms Arabis bulbosa, Arabis rhomboidea, C. rhomboidea, C. rhomboidea var. hirsuta, C. rhomboidea var. parviflora, C. rhomboidea var. pilosa, Dentaria rhomboidea, Dracamine bulbosa
Name authority (Schreber ex Muhlenberg) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 4. (1888) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 655. (1753)
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