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angle bitter-cress, angle-leaf bitter-cress, seaside bitter-cress

Habit Perennials; usually glabrous throughout, rarely pilose. Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
Rhizomes

cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam.

cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam.

Stems

erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.5–2(–2.5) dm.

erect, unbranched, (1.5–)2.5–8.5(–10) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute at base.

Rhizomal leaves

pinnately 5- or 7-foliolate, 2.5–12 cm (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate;

petiole 1.5–4(–9) cm;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal, or smaller and margins usually toothed, rarely entire;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.3 cm) blade suborbicular to broadly obovate, 0.4–1.5 cm × 2.5–14 mm, base obtuse to subcordate, margins 3–5-toothed, (apiculate).

3 (or 5)-foliolate, (4–)7–20(–22) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole (2–)4–12(–14) cm;

lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, larger or smaller in size;

terminal leaflet petiolulate [(0.3–)0.5–1.5 cm], blade ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1.5–7(–9) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subreniform or obtuse, margins 3–5(–7)-lobed or -toothed, surfaces puberulent.

Cauline leaves

1–3, (3–)5-foliolate (alternate), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 0.2–2(–6.5) cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal;

terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm × 3–10 mm, base cuneate, margins 3-toothed or entire.

(3 or) 4–8, 3 (or 5)-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole 1–4 cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire;

terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 2–7 cm × 6–40 mm, margins minutely pubescent.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 2–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

petals white, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm (clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 3–4 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm;

anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm.

sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals usually white, rarely pinkish, obovate, 8–15 × 4–8 mm (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate);

filaments: median pairs 3.5–6 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

erect to ascending, 0.7–22 mm.

ascending to divaricate, (9–)12–25 mm.

Fruits

linear, 1.6–4 cm × 1–1.3 mm;

ovules 14–24 per ovary;

style 0.7–3 mm.

linear, 1.5–3.2 cm × 1.4–2 mm;

ovules 10–16 per ovary;

style (0.5–)1–4 mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm.

dark brown, oblong, 1.8–2.3 × 1–1.2 mm.

2n

= 28, 42.

= 40.

Cardamine blaisdellii

Cardamine angulata

Phenology Flowering Jul–Aug. Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Moist streamsides, meadows, river gravel, mesic grounds, wet tundra, moist humus, scree slopes, calcareous fellfields Moist ground, stream banks, swampy or damp woods, thickets, wet meadows
Elevation 50-1000 m (200-3300 ft) 0-900 m (0-3000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; n Europe; e Europe (Russian Far East, Siberia)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cardamine blaisdellii was treated by R. C. Rollins (1993) as a synonym of C. microphylla, but the morphological differences (see key) and molecular data (R. B. Jørgensen et al., 2008) clearly demonstrate that they are distinct.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 468. FNA vol. 7, p. 467.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms C. microphylla subsp. blaisdellii, C. microphylla var. blaisdellii C. angulata var. alba, C. angulata var. hirsuta, C. angulata var. pentaphylla, Dentaria grandiflora
Name authority Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 33: 146. (1902) Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 44. (1829)
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