Cardamine angustata |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
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slender toothwort |
American bittercress, mountain watercress |
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Habit | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | (tuberiform, fragile) moniliform, segments fusiform, 3–6 mm diam. (fleshy). |
slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, 1.2–3(–4) dm, glabrous or pubescent. |
usually procumbent, sometimes erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched, (1–)1.5–3(–5) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
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Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, to 24 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)5–12(–16) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade similar to terminal leaflet or smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule) (0.2–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm, blade broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, 1.5–6(–8) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subtruncate, margins coarsely dentate to crenate or 3-lobed, surfaces puberulent or not. |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | 2 (or 3), 3-foliolate (usually alternate, rarely opposite, different in morphology from rhizomal), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.3–0.6 cm, margins minutely puberulent. |
simple, petiolate; petiole (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–4) cm, base not auriculate; blade oblong, ovate, suborbicular, or cordate, (0.5–)1–4.5(–5.5) cm × (5–)10–40(–54) mm, base cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins entire, repand, or sinuate, (distally with shorter petiole, blade smaller). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 5–7.5 × 1–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals purple to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–18 × 2–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–10 mm, lateral pair 3.5–8 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–3 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 5–7(–8) × 2–3 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2.7–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 15–40 mm. |
divaricate to ascending, (6–)10–15(–20) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 2.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 8–12 per ovary; style (5–)7–11 mm. |
linear, (torulose), 1–1.5(–2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
2n | = ca. 128. |
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Cardamine angustata |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Moist woods, wooded ridges and bottomlands, floodplains, shady ravines, streambeds | Stream banks, swamps, low woodland, wet rocky areas, seepage areas |
Elevation | 300-1300 m (1000-4300 ft) | 150-400 m (500-1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; IN; KY; MD; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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DE; GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | Cardamine heterophylla (Nuttall) Alph. Wood (1870), not Host (1797) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with C. angustata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. angustata var. ouachitana, Dentaria heterophylla | Dentaria rotundifolia |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 349. (1903) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. (1803) |
Web links |