Cardamine angustata |
Cardamine occidentalis |
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slender toothwort |
big western bitter-cress, western bitter-cress, western toothwort |
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Habit | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. | Perennials; glabrous or hirsute. |
Rhizomes | (tuberiform, fragile) moniliform, segments fusiform, 3–6 mm diam. (fleshy). |
(tuberiform, fragile), ovoid or globose at base of stem, 3–10 mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | erect, unbranched, 1.2–3(–4) dm, glabrous or pubescent. |
(simple from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, 1–5 dm, glabrous or pubescent proximally. |
Basal leaves | not rosulate, pinnately compound, (3 or) 5 (or 7)-foliolate, 2–10 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.5–6.5 cm; lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade similar to terminal, ovate, smaller, margins entire; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.03–0.18 cm), blade orbicular to broadly ovate or subcordate, 0.5–2 cm × 7–25 mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire or repand, (surfaces glabrous). |
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Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, to 24 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)5–12(–16) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade similar to terminal leaflet or smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule) (0.2–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm, blade broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, 1.5–6(–8) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subtruncate, margins coarsely dentate to crenate or 3-lobed, surfaces puberulent or not. |
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Cauline leaves | 2 (or 3), 3-foliolate (usually alternate, rarely opposite, different in morphology from rhizomal), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.3–0.6 cm, margins minutely puberulent. |
3–7, (3 or) 5 or 7-foliolate (middle ones 5 or 7-foliolate, smaller distally, becoming 3-foliolate), petiolate; petiole 0.5–3 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–2.6 cm × 3–13 mm, margins shallowly toothed, entire, or repand. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 5–7.5 × 1–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals purple to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–18 × 2–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–10 mm, lateral pair 3.5–8 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–3 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, oblanceolate, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1–1.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 15–40 mm. |
divaricate-ascending, 7–18 mm. |
Fruits | linear, 2.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 8–12 per ovary; style (5–)7–11 mm. |
linear, (torulose), 1.5–3.3 cm × 1.7–2.2 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 18–40 per ovary; style 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Seeds | dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
brown, ovoid, 1–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm. |
2n | = ca. 128. |
= 64. |
Cardamine angustata |
Cardamine occidentalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist woods, wooded ridges and bottomlands, floodplains, shady ravines, streambeds | Muddy grounds, lake margins, shallow streams, meadows |
Elevation | 300-1300 m (1000-4300 ft) | 150-1500 m (500-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; IN; KY; MD; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Cardamine heterophylla (Nuttall) Alph. Wood (1870), not Host (1797) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with C. angustata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. | FNA vol. 7, p. 479. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. angustata var. ouachitana, Dentaria heterophylla | C. pratensis var. occidentalis, C. neglecta |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 349. (1903) | (S. Watson) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 50. (1897) |
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