The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

slender toothwort

big western bitter-cress, western bitter-cress, western toothwort

Habit Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. Perennials; glabrous or hirsute.
Rhizomes

(tuberiform, fragile) moniliform, segments fusiform, 3–6 mm diam. (fleshy).

(tuberiform, fragile), ovoid or globose at base of stem, 3–10 mm diam., (fleshy).

Stems

erect, unbranched, 1.2–3(–4) dm, glabrous or pubescent.

(simple from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, 1–5 dm, glabrous or pubescent proximally.

Basal leaves

not rosulate, pinnately compound, (3 or) 5 (or 7)-foliolate, 2–10 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 0.5–6.5 cm;

lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade similar to terminal, ovate, smaller, margins entire;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.03–0.18 cm), blade orbicular to broadly ovate or subcordate, 0.5–2 cm × 7–25 mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire or repand, (surfaces glabrous).

Rhizomal leaves

3-foliolate, to 24 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole (3–)5–12(–16) cm;

lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade similar to terminal leaflet or smaller;

terminal leaflet (petiolule) (0.2–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm, blade broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, 1.5–6(–8) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subtruncate, margins coarsely dentate to crenate or 3-lobed, surfaces puberulent or not.

Cauline leaves

2 (or 3), 3-foliolate (usually alternate, rarely opposite, different in morphology from rhizomal), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire;

terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.3–0.6 cm, margins minutely puberulent.

3–7, (3 or) 5 or 7-foliolate (middle ones 5 or 7-foliolate, smaller distally, becoming 3-foliolate), petiolate;

petiole 0.5–3 cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal, smaller;

terminal leaflet blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–2.6 cm × 3–13 mm, margins shallowly toothed, entire, or repand.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 5–7.5 × 1–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

petals purple to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–18 × 2–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 5–10 mm, lateral pair 3.5–8 mm;

anthers linear, 1.5–3 mm.

sepals oblong, 1.7–2 × 1–1.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white, oblanceolate, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, (not clawed);

filaments: median pairs 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1–1.5 mm;

anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to divaricate, 15–40 mm.

divaricate-ascending, 7–18 mm.

Fruits

linear, 2.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm;

ovules 8–12 per ovary;

style (5–)7–11 mm.

linear, (torulose), 1.5–3.3 cm × 1.7–2.2 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent);

ovules 18–40 per ovary;

style 0.5–1.5 mm.

Seeds

dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm.

brown, ovoid, 1–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm.

2n

= ca. 128.

= 64.

Cardamine angustata

Cardamine occidentalis

Phenology Flowering Mar–May. Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Moist woods, wooded ridges and bottomlands, floodplains, shady ravines, streambeds Muddy grounds, lake margins, shallow streams, meadows
Elevation 300-1300 m (1000-4300 ft) 150-1500 m (500-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; IN; KY; MD; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cardamine heterophylla (Nuttall) Alph. Wood (1870), not Host (1797) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with C. angustata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 467. FNA vol. 7, p. 479.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms C. angustata var. ouachitana, Dentaria heterophylla C. pratensis var. occidentalis, C. neglecta
Name authority O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 349. (1903) (S. Watson) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 50. (1897)
Web links