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slender toothwort

small-leaf bittercress

Habit Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hirtellous.
Rhizomes

(tuberiform, fragile) moniliform, segments fusiform, 3–6 mm diam. (fleshy).

cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam.

Stems

erect, unbranched, 1.2–3(–4) dm, glabrous or pubescent.

erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.3–1.5(–2) dm.

Rhizomal leaves

3-foliolate, to 24 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole (3–)5–12(–16) cm;

lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade similar to terminal leaflet or smaller;

terminal leaflet (petiolule) (0.2–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm, blade broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, 1.5–6(–8) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subtruncate, margins coarsely dentate to crenate or 3-lobed, surfaces puberulent or not.

pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, (1.3–)2.5–6.5 cm, (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate;

petiole (0.5–)1.5–5.5 cm;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.7 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, (0.2–)0.4–1.2(–1.5) cm × (1–)2.5–6 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins entire, (apiculate).

Cauline leaves

2 (or 3), 3-foliolate (usually alternate, rarely opposite, different in morphology from rhizomal), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire;

terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.3–0.6 cm, margins minutely puberulent.

1–3, 5 or 7-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 0.2–1.5 cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets similar to terminal;

terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule to 0.2 cm), blade ovate to elliptic, 0.6–1.3 × 0.1–0.7 cm, base cuneate, margins entire.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 5–7.5 × 1–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

petals purple to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–18 × 2–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 5–10 mm, lateral pair 3.5–8 mm;

anthers linear, 1.5–3 mm.

sepals ovate to oblong, 3–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

petals usually white, rarely lavender, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm, (clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 3–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm;

anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to divaricate, 15–40 mm.

erect to ascending, 7–15(–25) mm.

Fruits

linear, 2.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm;

ovules 8–12 per ovary;

style (5–)7–11 mm.

linear, 2–3 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm;

ovules 12–16 per ovary;

style 1–2 mm.

Seeds

dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm.

brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm.

2n

= ca. 128.

= 28, 42, 64.

Cardamine angustata

Cardamine microphylla

Phenology Flowering Mar–May. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Moist woods, wooded ridges and bottomlands, floodplains, shady ravines, streambeds Streamsides, sand and cobbles on gravel bars, shale banks, floodplains, alluvial sand between cobbles, moist moss, turf, seepage areas, meadows, wet grounds
Elevation 300-1300 m (1000-4300 ft) 0-1600 m (0-5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; IN; KY; MD; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cardamine heterophylla (Nuttall) Alph. Wood (1870), not Host (1797) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with C. angustata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 467. FNA vol. 7, p. 477.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms C. angustata var. ouachitana, Dentaria heterophylla C. minuta
Name authority O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 349. (1903) Adams: Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 111. (1817)
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