Cardamine angustata |
Cardamine blaisdellii |
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slender toothwort |
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Habit | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. | Perennials; usually glabrous throughout, rarely pilose. |
Rhizomes | (tuberiform, fragile) moniliform, segments fusiform, 3–6 mm diam. (fleshy). |
cylindrical, slender, 0.7–1.5 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, 1.2–3(–4) dm, glabrous or pubescent. |
erect or ascending, unbranched, 0.5–2(–2.5) dm. |
Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, to 24 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)5–12(–16) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade similar to terminal leaflet or smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule) (0.2–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm, blade broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, 1.5–6(–8) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subtruncate, margins coarsely dentate to crenate or 3-lobed, surfaces puberulent or not. |
pinnately 5- or 7-foliolate, 2.5–12 cm (not fleshy), leaflets petiolulate; petiole 1.5–4(–9) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, or smaller and margins usually toothed, rarely entire; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.15–0.3 cm) blade suborbicular to broadly obovate, 0.4–1.5 cm × 2.5–14 mm, base obtuse to subcordate, margins 3–5-toothed, (apiculate). |
Cauline leaves | 2 (or 3), 3-foliolate (usually alternate, rarely opposite, different in morphology from rhizomal), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.3–0.6 cm, margins minutely puberulent. |
1–3, (3–)5-foliolate (alternate), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.2–2(–6.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 0.2 cm), blade obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm × 3–10 mm, base cuneate, margins 3-toothed or entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 5–7.5 × 1–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals purple to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–18 × 2–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–10 mm, lateral pair 3.5–8 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–3 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, broadly obovate, 7–10 × 3–6 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3–4 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 15–40 mm. |
erect to ascending, 0.7–22 mm. |
Fruits | linear, 2.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 8–12 per ovary; style (5–)7–11 mm. |
linear, 1.6–4 cm × 1–1.3 mm; ovules 14–24 per ovary; style 0.7–3 mm. |
Seeds | dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
brown, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm. |
2n | = ca. 128. |
= 28, 42. |
Cardamine angustata |
Cardamine blaisdellii |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Moist woods, wooded ridges and bottomlands, floodplains, shady ravines, streambeds | Moist streamsides, meadows, river gravel, mesic grounds, wet tundra, moist humus, scree slopes, calcareous fellfields |
Elevation | 300-1300 m (1000-4300 ft) | 50-1000 m (200-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; IN; KY; MD; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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AK; n Europe; e Europe (Russian Far East, Siberia) |
Discussion | Cardamine heterophylla (Nuttall) Alph. Wood (1870), not Host (1797) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with C. angustata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cardamine blaisdellii was treated by R. C. Rollins (1993) as a synonym of C. microphylla, but the morphological differences (see key) and molecular data (R. B. Jørgensen et al., 2008) clearly demonstrate that they are distinct. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. | FNA vol. 7, p. 468. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. angustata var. ouachitana, Dentaria heterophylla | C. microphylla subsp. blaisdellii, C. microphylla var. blaisdellii |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 349. (1903) | Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 33: 146. (1902) |
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