Cardamine angustata |
Cardamine angulata |
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slender toothwort |
angle bitter-cress, angle-leaf bitter-cress, seaside bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Rhizomes | (tuberiform, fragile) moniliform, segments fusiform, 3–6 mm diam. (fleshy). |
cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, 1.2–3(–4) dm, glabrous or pubescent. |
erect, unbranched, (1.5–)2.5–8.5(–10) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute at base. |
Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, to 24 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)5–12(–16) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade similar to terminal leaflet or smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule) (0.2–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm, blade broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, 1.5–6(–8) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subtruncate, margins coarsely dentate to crenate or 3-lobed, surfaces puberulent or not. |
3 (or 5)-foliolate, (4–)7–20(–22) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (2–)4–12(–14) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, larger or smaller in size; terminal leaflet petiolulate [(0.3–)0.5–1.5 cm], blade ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1.5–7(–9) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subreniform or obtuse, margins 3–5(–7)-lobed or -toothed, surfaces puberulent. |
Cauline leaves | 2 (or 3), 3-foliolate (usually alternate, rarely opposite, different in morphology from rhizomal), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.3–0.6 cm, margins minutely puberulent. |
(3 or) 4–8, 3 (or 5)-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 1–4 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 2–7 cm × 6–40 mm, margins minutely pubescent. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 5–7.5 × 1–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals purple to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–18 × 2–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–10 mm, lateral pair 3.5–8 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–3 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely pinkish, obovate, 8–15 × 4–8 mm (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–6 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 15–40 mm. |
ascending to divaricate, (9–)12–25 mm. |
Fruits | linear, 2.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 8–12 per ovary; style (5–)7–11 mm. |
linear, 1.5–3.2 cm × 1.4–2 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style (0.5–)1–4 mm. |
Seeds | dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
dark brown, oblong, 1.8–2.3 × 1–1.2 mm. |
2n | = ca. 128. |
= 40. |
Cardamine angustata |
Cardamine angulata |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Moist woods, wooded ridges and bottomlands, floodplains, shady ravines, streambeds | Moist ground, stream banks, swampy or damp woods, thickets, wet meadows |
Elevation | 300-1300 m (1000-4300 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; IN; KY; MD; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Cardamine heterophylla (Nuttall) Alph. Wood (1870), not Host (1797) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with C. angustata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. angustata var. ouachitana, Dentaria heterophylla | C. angulata var. alba, C. angulata var. hirsuta, C. angulata var. pentaphylla, Dentaria grandiflora |
Name authority | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 349. (1903) | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 44. (1829) |
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