Capsicum annuum |
Capsicum |
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Cayenne pepper |
aji, pepper |
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Habit | Shrubs [rarely trees], rhizomatous, usually glabrous or glabrescent, sometimes sparsely or densely pubescent. | |
Stems | erect or spreading, dichotomously branched, often hollow. |
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Leaves | alternate. |
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Inflorescences | axillary, solitary flowers or 2–3[4–6]-flowered fascicles. |
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Flowers | 5–7-merous; calyx not expanded or accrescent, cyathiform or campanulate, margins truncate, entire, ± undulated, or with 5–10 teeth of 2 lengths, base somewhat enlarged in fruit, not expanded or accrescent; corolla pure white, greenish white, bluish white, yellow, or purple, sometimes with tan or greenish yellow markings, radial, rotate, subrotate, or campanulate, stellate or 5-angled or -lobed; stamens inserted at base of corolla, equal [unequal], [with or without paired appendages at base of each filament]; anthers basifixed, oblong to lanceolate, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; ovary 2-carpellate; style cylindric, elongate, slender, usually longer than ovary [except in species with stylar heteromorphism]; stigma capitate. |
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Fruits | berries, globose or ovoid and elongated, dry to fleshy. |
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Seeds | (5–45), yellow to cream or brown, flattened, reniform or subreniform. |
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x | = 12, 13. |
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Capsicum annuum |
Capsicum |
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Distribution |
Mexico; Central America; s United States; West Indies; South America (north of Amazon River) [Introduced nearly worldwide]
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Mexico; Central America; s United States; West Indies; South America (north of Amazon River) [Introduced nearly worldwide] |
Discussion | Varieties ca. 20 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 40 (1 in the flora). Capsicum is included in the subtribe Capsicinae (T. Yamazaki 1993), which is characterized chiefly by its prominent stapet (auriculate, bidenticulate, or winged appendages at the filament bases). Capsicum is native in the Americas; some species are cultivated worldwide for food, spice, or medicine. In cultivation, Capsicum is typically a herbaceous annual with five- to eight-merous flowers. Two domesticated species have been introduced into the United States: C. annuum and C. baccatum var. pendulum (Willdenow) Eshbaugh. A. T. Hunziker (2001) considered the cultivated C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens species complex to be a single species, C. annuum. W. H. Eshbaugh (2012) discussed this issue at length and adopted Hunziker’s position. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Capsicum | Solanaceae |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 188. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 188. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 86. (1754) |
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