Camissoniopsis pallida |
Camissoniopsis |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pale yellow sun cup |
evening primrose |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Herbs annual, appearing conspicuously grayish, densely strigillose, sometimes also glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs,usually annual, rarely short-lived perennial, caulescent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | usually with decumbent lateral branches from basal rosette, 5–60 cm. |
prostrate to ascending or erect, often with reddish brown or white exfoliating epidermis. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | 1–5(–11) × 0.2–0.7(–1.4) cm; petiole 0–0.2(–0.4) cm, distal ones sessile; blade lanceolate to narrowly ovate, base often cuneate to truncate, sometimes attenuate, margins sparsely denticulate, apex acute to obtuse. |
cauline and often in a basal rosette, alternate; stipules absent; sessile or petiolate; blade margins dentate, denticulate, or serrulate. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inflorescences | spikes, erect or nodding at anthesis. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flowers | opening near sunrise; floral tube 1–4.2 mm; sepals (1.5–)2.5–8 mm; petals yellow, sometimes with 1–3 red dots basally, (2–)3.5–13 mm; episepalous filaments (0.5–)1.5–6.5 mm, epipetalous filaments (0.2–)0.5–3.8 mm, anthers (0.4–)0.8–2.2 mm, less than 5% of pollen grains 4- or 5-pored; style (2.1–)3–10.5 mm, stigma surrounded by at least anthers of longer stamens, often by both sets, at anthesis. |
bisexual, actinomorphic, buds erect; floral tube deciduous (with sepals, petals, and stamens) after anthesis, with basal nectary; sepals 4, usually reflexed in pairs, sometimes separately; petals 4, yellow, fading red, with 1+ red dots basally; stamens 8, in 2 unequal series, anthers versatile, pollen shed singly; ovary 4-locular, without apical projection, style glabrous or pubescent distally, stigma entire, subcapitate to subglobose, surface unknown, probably wet and non-papillate. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fruit | a capsule, contorted or curled 1 to 5 times, or straight, narrowly cylindrical and thickened proximally, 4-angled (at least when dry), regularly but tardily loculicidally dehiscent, not swollen by seeds; sessile. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capsules | usually 1–3-coiled spiral, subterete in living material, 4-angled when dry, 13–24 × 0.7–1.2 mm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seeds | 1–1.5 mm. |
numerous, in 1 row per locule, flattened, narrowly obovoid, dull. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Camissoniopsis pallida |
Camissoniopsis |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution | w United States; nw Mexico
|
w United States; nw Mexico |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1969) determined Camissoniopsis pallida to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 14 (13 in the flora). Camissoniopsis proavita (P. H. Raven) W. L. Wagner & Hoch is known from northern Baja California, Mexico. It is a diploid, closely related to C. micrantha but differing in having numerous flowers in the basal rosette, which is densely leafy. All species of Camissoniopsis occur near coasts or on dry slopes or desert flats inland from 0–2500 m. R. A. Levin et al. (2004) found strong molecular support for Camissoniopsis in a clade with Neoholmgrenia and Tetrapteron. Camissoniopsis was segregated from Camissonia as delimited by P. H. Raven (1969). Camissoniopsis is distinguished by having 4-angled fruits, at least when dry, and not swollen by seeds, dull seeds usually smaller than 1 mm, and by flowering from both basal and distal nodes (Raven). Relationships within Camissoniopsis are complex and reticulate. Several diploids (especially C. hirtella) appear to have contributed to the formation of the tetraploids and, in turn, the hexaploids (Raven), and, as a result, are very similar morphologically to each other. Identification of the polyploid species of Camissoniopsis is aided by their pollen having a high proportion of grains with higher number of pores than typical Onagraceae 3-pored pollen, usually 4- or 5-pored. This can be observed under low magnification (for example, 10\×) since the 3-pored pollen is triangular while the 4-pored is quadrangular and 5-pored is pentangular. Raven proposed Camissonia sect. Holostigma as a new combination based on Spach’s generic name. He was unaware that Holostigma Spach, like Agassizia Spach, is a later homonym and thus illegitimate; however, he satisfied all requirements for valid publication of a new sectional name in Camissonia. Reproductive features include: self-incompatible (C. cheiranthifolia and C. bistorta) or self-compatible; flowers diurnal; outcrossing and pollinated by bees (E. G. Linsley et al. 1963, 1964, 1973) or autogamous (Raven). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Camissoniopsis | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Sphaerostigma pallidum, Camissonia pallida, Oenothera abramsii, O. micrantha var. abramsii | Agassizia, Camissonia section holostigma, Holostigma | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Abrams) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 205. (2007) | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 123. (2007) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|
|