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bush morning glory, chaparral false bindweed, pale morning-glory, western morning glory

bindweed, false bindweed, morning-glory

Habit Perennials or subshrubs, rootstock woody. Perennials or subshrubs.
Herbage

usually puberulent or pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, rarely tomentellous or ± villous.

Stems

decumbent, procumbent, or twining-climbing, to 400 cm.

usually twining-climbing, sometimes ascending, decumbent, erect, procumbent, prostrate, or trailing, rarely almost absent, usually hairy, hairs not branched, glandular, or stellate, sometimes glabrate, glabrescent, or glabrous.

Leaves

blade ± triangular, 15–40 mm, base usually lobed, lobes rounded or 1–2-pointed, basal sinus quadrate, rounded and ± parallel-sided, or V-shaped, base sometimes ± cuneate.

petiolate;

blade usually cordate, elliptic, linear, oblong, oblong-hastate, orbiculate, oval, ovate, reniform, triangular, or triangular-hastate, rarely palmately 7–9-lobed, (15–)20–130 mm, base usually lobed or truncate, sometimes cuneate, surfaces glabrate, glabrescent, glabrous, ± pilose, tomentose, tomentulose, or villous.

Bracts

(1–)3–12(–15) mm distant from sepals, lanceolate, linear, linear-oblong, oblanceolate, or narrowly to broadly triangular, 4–22(–30) × 1–4(–7) mm, margins entire or proximally lobed or toothed.

Inflorescences

usually axillary, rarely terminal, compound cymes, bracteate;

peduncles 1(–4)-flowered.

Flowers

sepals 9–15 mm;

corolla white or cream, (20–)25–48 mm.

sepals ± elliptic, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, oblong-ovate, oval, or ovate, (5–)8–15(–25) mm;

corolla usually white, sometimes cream, pink, purple, red, or yellow, campanulate to funnelform, (20–)25–60(–73)[–88] mm, limb entire or 5-lobed or -angled, rarely multilobed;

ovary 1-locular, sometimes with partial septum;

styles 1;

stigma lobes 2, linear to oblong, apices blunt.

Fruits

capsular, ± globose, dehiscence irregular.

Seeds

(1–)2–4, pyramidal to subglobose or trigonous, glabrous, papillate, smooth, or reticulate.

x

= 12.

Calystegia occidentalis

Calystegia

Distribution
from USDA
w United States
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; Mexico; South America; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Subspecies occidentalis and subsp. fulcrata are distinguished essentially by entire versus proximally lobed or toothed bract margins; the distinction is not absolute.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 30 (20 in the flora).

H. Hallier (1893) and W. H. Lewis and R. L. Oliver (1965) summarized arguments for treating Calystegia and Convolvulus as distinct genera. In a molecular analysis, M. A. Carine et al. (2004) found Calystegia nested within Convolvulus.

Species delimitation is problematic throughout Calystegia, with geographic and morphological intergradation between taxa, and often arbitrary limits have to be adopted to avoid impractically broad species. Hybridization is common where species overlap geographically. It is difficult to pinpoint any species which is not taxonomically subdivided and which does not intergrade or hybridize with others.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Peduncles (1–)2–4-flowered; bract margins entire.
subsp. occidentalis
1. Peduncles 1-flowered; bract margins proximally lobed or toothed.
subsp. fulcrata
1. Bracts (1–)2–10(–50) mm distant from sepals, margins entire, lobed, or toothed.
→ 2
2. Stems erect, sometimes intertwined; leaf blades usually linear to narrowly triangular, sometimes ovate, base not lobed or hastate-lobed and lobes ± linear, oblong, or trian­gular, 1-pointed.
C. longipes
2. Stems ascending, decumbent, procumbent, trailing, or twining-climbing; leaf blades oblong, oblong-ovate, orbiculate, ovate, broadly to narrowly triangular, triangular-hastate, or palmately 7–9-lobed, base usually lobed and lobes rounded or 1–3-pointed, base rarely cuneate or ± truncate.
→ 3
3. Leaf blades oblong, oblong-ovate, orbiculate, or ovate, base lobed and lobes rounded or base cuneate to ± truncate.
C. felix
3. Leaf blades usually broadly to narrowly triangular, ovate-triangular, or triangular-hastate (daggerlike), or palmately 7–9-lobed, sometimes ± reniform, base usually lobed and lobes rounded or 1–3-pointed, base rarely cuneate or ± truncate.
→ 4
4. Herbage glabrous.
→ 5
5. Leaf blades ± triangular to ovate-triangular; bracts linear, margins entire or proximally lobed or toothed.
C. purpurata
5. Leaf blades narrowly triangular-hastate; bracts elliptic to broadly elliptic-oblong, margins entire.
C. peirsonii
4. Herbage usually hairy, at least near leaf blade sinus and/or tip of peduncle, sometimes glabrate or glabrescent.
→ 6
6. Leaf blades palmately 7–9-lobed.
C. stebbinsii
6. Leaf blades not palmately lobed.
→ 7
7. Bract margins entire.
→ 8
8. Leaf blades ± triangular-hastate, middle lobe ± lance-linear; bracts 1–2 mm distant from sepals, linear, 5–16(–20) × 0.5–1.5 mm.
C. vanzuukiae
8. Leaf blades ± triangular; bracts (1–)3–7 mm distant from sepals, linear to linear-oblong, 4–13(–18) × 1–4(–5) mm.
C. occidentalis
7. Bract margins proximally lobed or toothed.
→ 9
9. Herbage tomentose to villous; leaf blades ± broadly to narrowly triangular, basal lobes 2(–3)-pointed.
C. malacophylla
9. Herbage glabrate or hairy; leaf blades narrowly triangular or triangular-hastate, basal lobes rounded or 1–2-pointed.
→ 10
10. Bracts 1–2 mm distant from sepals, linear, 5–16(–20) × 0.5–1.5 mm.
C. vanzuukiae
10. Bracts 2–12(–15) mm distant from sepals, lanceolate, linear, linear-oblong, oblanceolate, or narrowly to broadly triangular, 5–22(–30) × 2–4(–7) mm.
C. occidentalis
1. Bracts immediately subtending, less than 1 mm from, sepals, margins entire.
→ 11
11. Corollas horticultural doubles, limbs multilobed; stamens and ovaries absent.
C. pubescens
11. Corollas not doubles, limbs weakly 5-lobed, 5-angled, or entire; stamens and ovaries present.
→ 12
12. Bracts 1.5–3.5(–4) mm wide.
→ 13
13. Herbage tomentellous, tomentose, or villous.
C. collina
13. Herbage glabrous or ± hairy, not tomentellous, tomentose, or villous.
→ 14
14. Leaf blades narrowly triangular-hastate, base lobed, lobes ± oblong to rhombic, 1-pointed.
C. peirsonii
14. Leaf blades rounded-deltate to triangular-hastate, base cuneate or lobed, lobes not oblong to rhombic and 1-pointed.
→ 15
15. Herbage glabrous; bract apices acute to obtuse.
C. atriplicifolia
15. Herbage sparsely hairy; bract apices acute.
C. subacaulis
12. Bracts 4–30 mm wide.
→ 16
16. Perennials or subshrubs, rootstock woody.
C. macrostegia
16. Perennials, rhizomatous.
→ 17
17. Leaf blades ± reniform, ± fleshy; corollas pink.
C. soldanella
17. Leaf blades not reniform, not fleshy; corollas usually pink, cream, or white, rarely purple.
→ 18
18. Stems usually erect, procumbent, or twining-climbing, sometimes trailing or proximally erect and distally twining-climbing; mostly c, e North America.
→ 19
19. Leaf blades triangular to triangular-hastate, base lobed, lobes 2(–3)-pointed; corollas usually pink, sometimes purple or white, 21–32(–35) mm.
C. hederacea
19. Leaf blades ± cordate, elliptic, elliptic-ovate, linear, oblong, ovate, broadly to narrowly triangular, or triangular-hastate, base cuneate, rounded, or lobed, lobes obtuse, rounded, or 1–2-pointed; corollas pink or white, (20–)35–65(–70) mm.
→ 20
20. Stems erect.
C. spithamaea
20. Stems usually twining-climbing, sometimes trailing or proxi­mally erect and distally twining-climbing.
→ 21
21. Leaf blades elliptic-ovate, basal lobes obtuse or rounded, surfaces some­times whitish tomentose.
C. catesbeiana
21. Leaf blades ± cordate, linear, oblong, oblong-ovate, oval, ovate, triangular, or triangular-hastate, basal lobes usually 1–2-pointed, sometimes rounded or 1-pointed, surfaces not whitish.
→ 22
22. Leaf blade basal sinuses usually acute to rounded, sometimes quadrate, rarely closed; bracts proximally flat or keeled, not or scarcely saccate, margins not or scarcely enfolding sepals, apices acute to subobtuse or truncate.
C. sepium
22. Leaf blade basal sinuses ± quadrate to rounded; bracts proximally saccate, margins enfolding sepals, apices obtuse to truncate.
C. silvatica
18. Stems usually ascending-decumbent, sometimes procumbent, suberect, trailing, or proximally erect and distally weakly twining-climbing, or almost absent; mostly w North America (C. macounii plains and west).
→ 23
23. Herbage glabrous.
C. atriplicifolia
23. Herbage moderately or sparsely hairy, puberulent, tomentellous, tomentose, or villous.
→ 24
24. Herbage sparsely hairy, hairs appressed.
C. subacaulis
24. Herbage moderately or sparsely hairy, puberulent, tomentellous, tomentose, or villous, hairs not appressed.
→ 25
25. Leaf blade basal lobes ± rhombic, rounded; east of California.
C. macounii
25. Leaf blade basal lobes 1–3-pointed; California.
→ 26
26. Stems mostly to 60(–100) cm; leaves not in basal rosettes.
C. malacophylla
26. Stems to (2–)50 cm or almost absent; leaves usually in basal rosettes.
→ 27
27. Herbage tomentellous, tomentose, or villous; leaf blade margins ± undulate.
C. collina
27. Herbage moderately to sparsely hairy; leaf blade margins not notably undulate.
C. subacaulis
Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14. Author: Richard K. Brummitt†.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Calystegia Convolvulaceae
Sibling taxa
C. atriplicifolia, C. catesbeiana, C. collina, C. felix, C. hederacea, C. longipes, C. macounii, C. macrostegia, C. malacophylla, C. peirsonii, C. pubescens, C. purpurata, C. sepium, C. silvatica, C. soldanella, C. spithamaea, C. stebbinsii, C. subacaulis, C. vanzuukiae
Subordinate taxa
C. occidentalis subsp. fulcrata, C. occidentalis subsp. occidentalis
C. atriplicifolia, C. catesbeiana, C. collina, C. felix, C. hederacea, C. longipes, C. macounii, C. macrostegia, C. malacophylla, C. occidentalis, C. peirsonii, C. pubescens, C. purpurata, C. sepium, C. silvatica, C. soldanella, C. spithamaea, C. stebbinsii, C. subacaulis, C. vanzuukiae
Synonyms Convolvulus occidentalis
Name authority (A. Gray) Brummitt: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 214. (1965) R. Brown: Prodr., 483. (1810) — name conserved
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