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calypso, calypso orchid, fairy-slipper, fairy-slipper orchid, Venus' slipper

calypso, fairy slipper orchid, fairy-slipper, Venus-slipper

Habit Plants 4.5–22 cm. Herbs, perennial, rather succulent.
Roots

few, slender, fleshy.

Stems

scapose;

corm slender to stout, fleshy; sheathing bracts usually 2, partially cloaking stem.

Leaves

blade elliptic to suborbiculate or ovate, often cordate, 10–65 × 12–52 mm.

produced in autumn, withering spring, solitary, arising from corm, plicate, leathery.

Inflorescences

floral bracts lance-acuminate, 5–28 mm.

terminal, each with 1 flower, arising from corm;

floral bract with color of stem or sepals, reduced to prominent.

Flowers

pink, magenta, or rarely white;

sepals and petals erect-spreading, linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 10–24 × 1.5–5 mm;

lip 13–23 × 4–13 mm, lamina shorter than to longer than apical horns, basal bristles sparse to extensive, brightly and contrastingly colored to dull and obscure.

solitary, resupinate, horizontal to slightly nodding, large, showy;

sepals and petals ascending to erect;

lip slipper-shaped, with basal orifice and 2 horns near apex, margin of lip dilated, forming bearded, apronlike lamina;

pollinarium solitary;

pollinia 4, flattened, superposed in 2 pairs flanking axis of pollinarium;

viscidia large, quadrangular;

stigma concave.

Fruits

capsules.

Capsules

erect, ellipsoid to lanceoloid, 2–3 × 1–1.5 cm.

2n

= 28 [var. bulbosa].

Calypso bulbosa

Calypso

Distribution
from USDA
North America; Circumpolar; Europe; Asia (China, Japan, Russia)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Circumboreal
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 1.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Bristles of lip yellow, extensive; lamina white or suffused with pink, usually equaling or longer than horns.
var. americana
1. Bristles of lip whitish or color of lamina, sparse; lamina commonly with reddish markings on dull white, usually shorter than horns.
var. occidentalis
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 623. FNA vol. 26, p. 622. Authors: Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Calypsoeae > Calypso Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Calypsoeae
Subordinate taxa
C. bulbosa var. americana, C. bulbosa var. occidentalis
C. bulbosa
Synonyms Cypripedium bulbosum, Cytherea bulbosa
Name authority (Linnaeus) Oakes: in Z. Thompson, Nat. Hist. Vermont 1: 200. (1842) Salisbury: Parad. Lond., plate 89. (1807)
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