Calopogon tuberosus |
Calopogon oklahomensis |
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grass pink orchid, tuberous grass-pink |
Oklahoma grasspink |
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Habit | Plants 4–110(–135) cm. | Plants 11–35 cm. | ||||
Leaves | not appressed to inflorescences at flowering; blade linear, lanceolate, or seldom elliptic-lanceolate, 2–50 cm × 2–35(–50) mm, margins slightly to strongly curled transversely. |
not appressed to inflorescences at flowering; blade linear-lanceolate, 7–35 cm × 5–15 mm. |
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Inflorescences | green or slightly purple at base, becoming entirely green after flowering, 4–135 cm; floral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, subulate, 3–30 mm. |
green, 11.8–34 cm; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate to subulate, 3–8 mm. |
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Flowers | 1–25, opening sequentially, magenta, pink, to white, faintly fragrant; dorsal sepal oblanceolate, 15–31 × 5–18 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals occasionally reflexed distally, ovate to lanceolate, slightly falcate, 13–26 × 5–16 mm, apex apiculate to acuminate; petals obpandurate to seldom elliptic, slightly falcate, 15–28 × 4–14 mm, apex obtuse; lip 11–23 mm, middle lobe with dilated end typically anvil-shaped, seldom triangular, 5.5–21 mm wide; column 12–25 × 1–2 mm, distal end 4.5–10 mm wide; rostellum present or absent; stigma at angle to column surface. |
2–7(–11), more than 1 cm apart, opening nearly simultaneously, magenta, pink, to white, fragrant; dorsal sepal strongly spreading to straight, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–25 × 5–8 mm, apex acuminate or acute; lateral sepals strongly spreading to straight, ovate to broadly lanceolate, slightly falcate, 15–22 × 8–10 mm, apex acuminate to apiculate; petals slightly falcate to straight, oblong to obpandurate, 11–20 × 5–8 mm, apex obtuse; lip 10–17 mm, middle lobe with dilated apex triangular, broadly rounded, 5–12 mm wide, apex acute or retuse; column 8.5–13 × 1.5–2 mm, distal end 5–8.5 mm wide; rostellum present; stigma typically flat against column surface. |
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Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 13–30 × 5–10 mm. |
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Corms | globose to elongate, not forked, 8–31 mm. |
elongate, forked, 18–29 mm. |
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2n | = 26, 40, 42. |
= 120. |
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Calopogon tuberosus |
Calopogon oklahomensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Mesic, acidic, sandy to loamy prairies, pine savannas, oak woodlands, edges of bogs, and frequently mowed meadows | |||||
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
e North America; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba)
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AL; AR; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MN; MO; MS; OK; SC; TN; TX; WI
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Calopogon tuberosus is the most variable and widespread species in the the genus. It occurs from Manitoba and Newfoundland south to Texas, Florida, the Bahamas, and Cuba. Calopogon tuberosus can be distinguished from other species in the genus where sympatric by its relatively robust size and elongated lip with wide, anvil-shaped dilated distal end. Plants with a triangular-shaped middle lip lobe are uncommon in the south and occur toward the northern part of the range, and those with long but narrowed lips occur in C. tuberosus var. simpsonii, the latter plants generally being much larger and occurring in a different habitat than all other species of Calopogon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Calopogon oklahomensis originally was thought to be restricted to the south-central states; it is much more widespread. It is, however, nearly extirpated outside the south-central states. DNA evidence, as well as its hexaploid chromosome number, suggest that this species may be an alloploid, possibly derived from ancient hybridization between C. barbatus and C. tuberosus (D. H. Goldman 2000). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 600. | FNA vol. 26, p. 601. | ||||
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Arethuseae > subtribe Bletiinae > Calopogon | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Arethuseae > subtribe Bletiinae > Calopogon | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Limodorum tuberosum | |||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Britton: Prelim. Cat., 52. (1888) | D. H. Goldman: Lindleyana 10: 37, figs. 1, 2. (1995) | ||||
Web links |